agrey mao - presentation 2

7/30/2019 AGREY MAO - Presentation 2

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PROJECT TITLE;IMPROVEMENT

STRENGTH IN MUD BRICKS BY USI

STRAW AND COW DUNG AS STABILIZE

CASE STUDY; BWAWANI - MOROGORO

NAME; AGREY J. MAO

ADM NO; 100101P7283

COURSE; BUILDING AND CIVIL ENGINEERING


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INTRODUCTION.

Mud made bricks have been used for a long time sinChrist and continues to be used even nowadays. The macontributing to their use in construction of houses includescost and easy preparations. They are affordable to maspecifically those living in rural areas and some in urban areas


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PROBLEM STATEMENT;

A large practiced cutting of trees done by low life people at for the purpose of supporting the mud walls results into defo


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OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

GENERAL OBJECTIVE

To replace the use of poles into strengthened mud bricks. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE

To suggest the proper procedures of manufacturing mud br

To classify soil according to specification.

To determine the strength of stabilized bricks.


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EXPECTED OUTCOME;

The expected outcome of the project is to provide the report improve the strength of mud bricks by using stabilizers and toenvironment from being destroyed.


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METHODOLOGY;

Literature review Data collection

Field observation

Sampling

Test

Data analysis


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LITERATURE REVIEW;

Mud made bricks (unburnt bricks) are fire free bricks, made of a mixtumud, sand (river silts), binding materials (such as dung and straw) and w

binding materials depend on the availability and cost. These types of brnormally allowed to dry for 25 days or more. These were one of the oldmost common building materials known.

Soil is all deposits of all materials on the earth crust that are created by and erosion of underlying rocks.

The strength of mud made bricks is dependent on the material properticontent unit is one of the materials which influence the strength of mudmore than any other while too much sand has little effects on strength obricks.

Soil stabilization is the process of treating the soil so as to improve its psuch as its strength and durability


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STABILIZERS USEDMostly used stabilizers are such as:

Straw

Cow dung Rice husk ash

Fibrous binder

Cement

lime

Dry dung collected from nearby farm was sieved using rabbit wieliminate stalks and other course impurities like gravels.Straw collected must be prepared to be as small particles as pos

mixing in raw brick.

(5% to 47% by volume to be added in raw brick).


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Effects of stabilizers on bricks

When these stabilizers are used it will save with the following To keep bricks from cracking as they dry during the curing p

Help bricks stand up better if the form is removed immediatmake the next brick.

Reduces weight of mud bricks

Reduces the swelling and shrinkage effects of water

It also increases strength


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Material properties of mud bricks,

Most of the materials used in the manufacture of bricks are low plwith low sulfate and chloride levels and large variation in the organic c

Due to differences in shrinkage characteristics of clay, dimensional meshow considerable variation 6.5% to just over 10% linear shrinkage.

Net bulk density unit was around 2000kg/m3

compressive strengths of the units were determined with accordan

molded and the values of 1.5N/mm2 to 2.25N/mm2 were recorded.


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Procedure to be followed before manufac

of mud bricks;I. The soil to be used must be tested to verify the proportion

especially the amount of fine clay.

II. Proper preparation of stabilizers to be added.

III. The required procedures must be followed to get a good mudrelevant strength.

IV. Using appropriate mixing ratio required for mud bricks .


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Procedures for preparation of mud brick

I. Prepare convenient amount of clay soil depending on the nee

II. Mix with river silt and any other binding materials like strdung.

III. Add amount of water and mix together to get a workable past

IV. Press the mixture into a mould prepared (the size of mould dthe size of bricks needed)

V. Using an area prepared, go and remove the mud brick from tVI. Let them dry into an air for about 25 days or more before it ca

Immediately after releasing the mud brick from the mould, dodirect sun rays into them (shade them) until when settled.


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The picture below shows the prepared

bricks


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SOIL CLASSIFICATION(GRADING)

A particle size distribution analysis is a necessary classification tein that it present the relative proportions of different sizes of parFrom this it is possible to determine whether the soil consists of

predominantly gravel, sand, silt, or clay sizes and, to a limited exof these size ranges is likely to control the engineering propertie

1. Calculate the percentage retained on each sieve

For example

2. Percentage retained on 14mm sieve

=mass of 14 mm sieve100m1

3. Percentage passing= (100%-percentage retained for each sieve

4. Percentage of fines is found after having the percentage passingtable.

LIQUID LIMIT (LL)


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LIQUID LIMIT (LL)

The liquid limit is the empirically established moisture content atsoil passes from the liquid state to plastic state. This method covdetermination of liquid limit of a sample on its natural state, or s

which the material retained on 425mm test sieve.

PLASTIC LIMIT (PL)

The Plastic limit is the empirically established moisture content asoil becomes too dry to plastic. The Plasticity Index is the differethe Liquid Limit and Plastic Limit. The Plasticity Index is the range

content in which a soil is Plastic; the finer the soil, the greater thindex.


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Characteristics of mud bricks Longevity; Mud bricks are the milds oldest building unit match and st

of time, thesebricks have strength and durability if manufactured careful.

Energy efficiency; Mud bricks houses are buffer to extremely of weath

summer and winter. Aesthetics and acoustic; Mud bricks are blends with the environment

absorb sounds and reduces echo.

Easy to lay; Whether a professional brick layer or a novice, mud brickslay, normally bricks are of the same materials as the motor, in fact varmud bricks walls give its character.

Environmental Sound; Mud bricks are environmentally sound choice

from natural materials and requires little energy to produce it. Also thdried and simply manufactured.

Fire resistance; typically earth walls are thick and slow to heat up. A s(150mm to 250mm) thick, mud brick wall has 4 hours fire rating. That hours to intense fire to transfer throughout the brick.

Economical; Mud bricks are considerable cost savings in building as thgenerally built as a single skin structure and also are load bearing. Theeliminate the need for a timber framework, insulation, paint and savin


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DATA COLLECTION

Site visit

Sampling- about 60kg of soil sample were collected from the

including soil stabilizers and Six samples of bricks were manuf

laboratory tests

Data collection was involves the process of doing the followinlaboratory tests,

Soil classification (GRADING) Compressive strength test

Atterberg limit tests


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SOIL CLASSIFICATION RESULTS

BS TEST SIEVEMass of pan

+ soilMassretained

Mass

retained

+correction value % retained

Total %passing

Mass of Pan 229.0

4.75mm 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0

3.35mm 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0

2mm 229.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 100.0

1.18mm 230.7 1.3 1.3 0.6 99.4

600micron 263.3 34.3 34.1 15.6 83.8

425micron 278.1 49.1 48.8 22.4 61.4

300micron 273.1 44.1 43.8 20.1 41.3

212micron 271.9 42.9 42.6 19.5 21.8

150micron 251.7 22.7 22.6 10.4 11.4

63micron 245.2 16.2 16.1 7.3 4.1

Passing 238.0 9.0 8.9 4.1 0.0Total 219.7 218.3 100.0

CRUSHING RESULTS


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CRUSHING RESULTSSample 1- no addition of stabilizer

Sample 2- 12% of straw added in the soil

Sample 3- 12% of cow dung added in the soil

Brick No. Mass Dimension Volume Area Density Compression

force

(kg)

A

(mm)

B

(mm)

C

(mm) (mm3) (mm2) (kg/m3) (kN)

1

6.628 220 170 95 3553000 37400 1.865 115

2 6.809 220 170 95 3553000 37400 1.916 110

3 6.910 220 170 95 3553000 37400 1.941 125

Atterberg test results


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Atterberg test resultsBelow are the results obtained for LL, PL, PI and SL

LL (%) =41 PI (%) =20

PL (%) =21 SL (%) =11LIQUID

LIMIT

PLASTIC LIMIT

Tin No. 5 29 54 56 7 68

Mass of wet

soli + tin

57.3 64.8 72.7 84.5 38.0 38.9

Mass of dry

soil + tin

50.3 54.6 59.9 67.7 36.3 37.4

Mass of Tin 31.1 28.9 29.2 30.2 29.2 29.4

Mass of

moisture

7.0 10.2 12 .8 16.8 1.7 1.5

Mass of dry

soil

19.2 25.7 30.7 37.5 7.1 8.0


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DATA ANALYSIS

GRAIN SIZE DISTRIBUTION SOIL CLASIFICATION

SIEVE SIZE (mm) USCS

3.35 0.0 % gravel 12

2.00 100 % sand 84

1.18 99 % fines 4

0.60 84 LL % 41

% PASSING

0.42 61 PL % 21

0.30 41 PI % 20

0.21 22 LS % 11

0.15 11

0.06 4


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According to Unified Soil Classification System of (BS 5930:1plasticity chart (USCS) the soil classified is inorganic clays, sisandy clays of low plasticity CL.


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The bar chart below showing the relationship of compressiv(N/mm2) before and after addition of stabilizers (12% by vol

Before addition of stabilizer. (2.8N/mm2)

12% addition of cow dung (3.0N/mm2)

12% addition of straw (3.2N/mm2)


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REFERENCE

Brantley, R. B. (1996).Building Materials Technology.

Campbell, J. a. (2003).A World History, Thames and Hudson.New York.

Duggal, S. (n.d.). Building Construction Materials.

Minke, G. H. (2006). Building with earth,Design and Technology of a sustainable A

agrey mao - presentation 2

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