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Installing Asterisk

Module 3



2Copyright 2009 Digium, Inc.

Module Goals:

Learn about Asterisk version numbers and howAsterisk releases work

Talk about various ways of installing Asterisk

Learn to download, compile, and install

Asterisk and related components from sourcecode

Learn the various methods of starting andstopping Asterisk

Learn to connect with the Asterisk command-line interface

Learn how to set Asterisk to automatically start when Linux boots




Asterisk developers use a source codecontrol tool known as Subversion

This allows them to keep track of thesource code – who, when, where, and why

Subversion uses a model of a trunk andbranches

Different release versions of Asterisk arebranches on the development tree

Source Code Control




1.6.1 Branch

TRUNK

Asterisk Development Tree

1.6.0 Branch

1.6.2 Branch




Development version (trunk): –This is where new features are added –Changes daily, always in a state of flux

Release versions:

–For use in production environments –Asterisk 1.6.2 is current release branch –Bug fixes are the only changes that happen in

release branches. Any new features are added to

trunk.

Versions & Releases




libpri –PRI ISDN library for T1/E1/J1 interfaces –Really only needed for PRI connections, but usually

installed for completeness

DAHDI –Kernel drivers for analog and digital cards –Also provides system timing in the absence of a

hardware card

Asterisk –source code of Asterisk itself

Asterisk Components


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Sound prompts by Allison Smith, thevoice of Asterisk

Over 1,000 words and phrases, many of which where donated by the community

Including phrases like: –Please enter the extension of the person you'd like

to reach –Will you marry me? Press 1 for yes or 2 for no. –To dial by name, press... –Weasels have eaten our phone system

You can choose which sound packages

to install

Asterisk Sound Prompts



Make sure your system is ready to installAsterisk

You'll need the GCC compiler

System Libraries and Applications –OpenSSL and its development libraries –ncurses and ncurses-devel (for the CLI) –Zlib (compression library) –newt and newt-devel libraries (for DAHDI utilities)

Other considerations: –Curl (for allowing Asterisk to interact with web sites) –Sendmail or Postfix (for sending voicemail to your

email)

Getting ready to install Asterisk



Ways of Installing Asterisk

From packages –Packages make installation easy, and help withdependency resolution, and are available for mostmajor Linux distributions

From source –More complicated than installing from packages, butgives you complete control of which modules areincluded

–We'll install from source in the next lab

As part of an Asterisk-based distribution –There are many Linux distributions built around

Asterisk, which take care of installing Linux,Asterisk, and other tools all at once



Two methods: –HTTP http://downloads.digium.com/pub/telephony/ Gives you a file browser with all dowloadable files Current releases, as well as past releases in the old-releases or

releases subdirectories

–SVN Point the Subversion utility at http://svn.digium.com/svn/ View the web interface at http://svn.digium.com/view/ any version or revision or branch, including developer branches

How to get the Source Code



libpri-1.4.X.Y.tar.gzdahdi-linux-complete-2.X.Y.tar.gz

asterisk-1.6.X.Y.tar.gz

(replace the .X.Y with the current version)

What Source Code to Get



Compile in the following order: – libpri, DAHDI, then Asterisk

Compiling will follow the following steps: –Extract the source code

–Run the configure script This will check your system for any missing items

–Run the menuselect script This allows you to choose which modules to compile, and which

other options to set

–Compile the code – Install the program – Install any sample files or initscripts (if necessary)

Compile the Code



If you get the code via HTTP you will bedownloading tarballs – .tar.gz or .tgz files are called tarballs – They're similar to zip files

To extract the source code from the tarball: – Don't forget to replace the X with the current version

tar -zxvf libpri-1.4.X.tar.gz

tar -zxvf dahdi-linux-complete-2.X.tar.gz

tar -zxvf asterisk-1.6.X.tar.gz

Each tarball will create a directory with thesource code inside that directory

Extracting the source code



Steps for compiling

Most of the components follow this sameformat:# tar -zxvf tarball.tar.gz

# cd directory

# ./configure (not needed for libpri)

# make menuselect (not needed for libpri)

# make

# make install

# make samples (only needed for asterisk)

# make config (not needed for libpri)



If you’re missing a vital system library,the build system will complain

Some modules may depend on librariesyou're missing from your system

You can always install the missinglibrary and then recompile, and the buildsystem will adjust accordingly

Requirements: Missing Items




/usr/sbin/asterisk –The Asterisk binary

/etc/asterisk/ –contains the Asterisk configuration files

/usr/lib/asterisk/modules/ –has the Asterisk loadable modules

/var/lib/asterisk/sounds/ –Asterisk sound prompts

/var/lib/asterisk/moh/ –Contains hold music –Asterisk comes with hold music under license from

Freeplay Music Corporation for use in conjunction

with Asterisk only.

Asterisk Files and Directories




/var/lib/asterisk/ –The AstDB database

/var/spool/asterisk/ –call information as well as voicemail and user

greetings /var/log/asterisk/

–Asterisk logs

/var/log/asterisk/cdr-csv/ –Call Detail Records in comma-separated valueformat

What you get: Asterisk




Initialization scripts are installed if youdo the “make config”

On CentOS, simply type: –service dahdi start|stop|restart

–service asterisk start|stop|restart

You will be using these commands tostop and start Asterisk during some ofthe labs in this course

Always start DAHDI before Asterisk, andalways stop Asterisk before DAHDI

Starting Asterisk & DAHDI on Boot




Starting the daemon directly: –# /usr/sbin/asterisk –Runs as a daemon in the background

Start in console mode –# asterisk -c –normally used only for debugging startup problems

Using Linux startup scripts: –# service asterisk start

Automatically restarts if it fails: –# safe_asterisk –Note that the initscripts run Asterisk from the

“safe_asterisk” script so that Asterisk will

automatically restart on most error conditions

Starting Asterisk Manually




When Asterisk is already running, you mustconnect to the CLI to issue commands

To connect to the Asterisk CLI:# asterisk -vvvr

The “-r” is the option which actually connectsto the CLI.

Typing “-vvvr” is a good habit to get into,because it ensures that the verbosity level is at

least 3 You will get an Asterisk CLI prompt

CLI>

Connecting to Asterisk's CLI




# /usr/sbin/asterisk -h List all options.

-r – Re-connect to the running daemon

-c –Start in console mode instead of as a daemon

-v –Set the verbosity level

-d –Set the debug level

-rx “restart now” –Execute the “restart now” command

Starting Asterisk: Other Options




help

quit

core stop now

core set verbose 5 Almost the same as # asterisk -rvvvvv

core set debug 5 Almost the same as # asterisk -rddddd

! spawn to the Unix shell. Use CTRL-D or “exit” to return to the Asterisk

CLI

! unix command execute a single Unix shell command and return to the Asterisk CLI

Common CLI> Commands




From the CLI> prompt try: –help –help core stop –core show applications –core show application dial –core show functions –core show function LEN – ! ls

Help




Asterisk version numbers and releases

Requirements for installing Asterisk

Compiling libpri, DAHDI, Asterisk

Starting AsteriskConnecting to the Asterisk CLI

Getting help from the CLI

Module 3 Recap:




Installing Asterisk

Now we're going to do our first Asterisklab – Installing LibPRI, DAHDI, and Asterisk

This is discovery learning

–You might be seeing some things for the first time –Be sure to read all the text, not just type the

commands –Ask the trainer, or discuss with other participants

We will review after you have Asterisk upand running




Installing LibOpenR2 (depois de DAHDI)

# cd /usr/src

Descargar con wget “DAHDI Complete 2.4.1.2+2.4.1Source Tarball” de sitio de asterisk,descomprimir, ingresar al directorio y ejecutarlocon make y make install. Lo mismo para libpri.“LibPRI 1.4.11.5 Source Tarball”

# wget http://openr2.googlecode.com/files/openr2-1.3.0.tar.gz

# tar -zxvf openr2-1.3.0.tar.gz

# cd openr2-1.3.0# ./configure -–prefix=/usr

# make

# make install



27

LabLab: Installing Asterisk

Lab 3-1: Installing Asterisk

Time Limit: 40 Minutes

Requirements: –Linux installed on your workstation

–Connection to the training network

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