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205

Index 205

INDEX

AAbd Al-Wahab, Muhammad ibn, 78,

79, 92, 133n9, 154Abdul Ala-Maududi, 131, 163Abdulaziz Yanya, 156Abdulgani Dami, 153Abdulgani Saleming, 153Abdulhalim Saisee, 153Abdulkoder Phomeng, 158Abdullah Kharina, 160Abdul-Rahman Bukitsamae, 158Abdul-Rasyed Yala, 155Abdul Razak Dolo, 38Abdulwahab Datu, 132Abdurrahman Phatlung, 141, 142ABIM (Angkatan Belia Islam

Malaysia), 148–49Abu Bakr, 104Abu Hamid Muhammad Al-Ghazzali,

100Aceh, 82adat, 43n17, 78, 95Afghanistan, 63, 139–40Ahama Bula, 38Ahmad Mustafa Bango-sina, 153Ahmad Patani, 23Ahmad Wahab, 79–80, 86

Ahmed Fouzi Salemae, 157Ahmed Saddik, 157Ahmed Telagasembilan, 157Aisha, 110akhlak, 53, 85Al Al-Bayt University, 158Al-Azhar University, 32, 62, 77, 148,

154, 155, 156Al-Duwaliyah Al-Arabiayah, 157, 158Algeria, 132, 147, 157Al-Hafiz Abdullah Yamaloh, 142Ali, 91–92Aligarh Muslim University, 159Al-Imam, 79, 82Al Jazeera, 98n47Alkuran Al-Karim University, 156Allen, Charles, 1Al-Mahad Al-Ali Al-Kudo University,

152Al-mahad Al-Azhariyah, 155Al-Mahad Al-Soutiyah, 152Al-Manar, 79al-Mukmin boarding school, xiAl-Nilien University, 156, 157Al-Qahirah University, 155al-Qa‘ida, xiiAl-Riyadh University, 152

10 IslamEdu&Reform Index 4/23/09, 2:37 PM205

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206 Index

American University of Cairo, 155Amin Andalis, 153Amir al-Haj, 88Amman, 158Anak Patani, 17Angkatan Belia Islam Malaysia

(ABIM), 148–49Anglo-Siamese Treaty, 20Ansorisunnah, 80anti-colonial movements, 79, 82Anwar Budi, 146, 172n90Anwar Ibrahim, 148aqidah, 53, 78, 100, 102–4, 152Aqidatul-Najin, 101Arabic language

language of Islam, 70, 89, 96n7,151, 182

literature, 107medium of instruction, 63–64, 108,

164standard in southern Thailand, 100study of, 53, 93, 152, 154–56, 166translations from, 23

Arab-Muslim world, 23, 150, 156Arab Peninsula, 6, 78, 83, 114, 154Arnold, Thomas, 122Asia Foundation, 68, 92, 162Atbaa Taabi’een, 77Attaqwa Mosque, 165, 167Averroes, 133n11Avicenna, 133n11Ayatollah Syed Suleiman, 146Ayutthaya, 12, 13–14, 108, 163Azmi Yingo, 157Azyumardi Azra, 5, 150Azzam Tamimi, 78

BBachok, 141Bahasa Tempatan, 17Bajoh, 94balaisoh, 52Bali bombings 2002, xi–xii

Balqok University, 158Bamrung Islam Mukim Pujud, 88, 93Bandung Institute of Technology, 161Bangalore University, 159Bangi, 160Bangkok. See also Thai government

Islamic schools, xvi, 52, 163–64Jemaat Tabligh, 140, 141, 143Malay Muslims, 9, 12, 14, 163–64non-Malay Muslims, 16, 163–64reformist movement, 79–80, 82Shi’a community, 146

Bangkok Suksa School, 164Bangladesh, 142, 143, 159Ban Krua, 164Barisan Nasional Pembebasan Patani

(BNPP), 34, 109Barisan Revolusi Nasional (BRN), 34,

38, 39, 109Battle of Siffin, 92Benang Seri, 111Berjihad di Pattani, 112, 129–32, 181bi’da, 78, 88, 105, 167Bowring Treaty, 163Bra-o, 93, 94Britain, 163British Malaya, 82BRN (Barisan Revolusi Nasional), 34,

38, 39, 109BRN-Coordinate, 38, 39Brunei, 69, 143Buddhism

Muslims and, 21, 164national education and, 19, 25, 26,

28–29, 49, 175role in Thailand, 12, 14, 20

Buddhist education, 65–66, 76, 167Buddhist Sangha, 12, 20Bughyatu’t-Tullab, 101Bukit Datu, 63Bumi Patani, 40, 109Burdwan University, 159Burma, 13, 147


207

Index 207

CCairo, 107, 155Cambodia, xii, 13, 23, 82, 143, 147,

163, 182Catholic schools, 162Central Intelligence Office, 17Central Islamic Committee of

Thailand, 149Cham, 163, 164Charoen Witthaya Nusron, 95Chechnya, 132Chiang Mai, xvi, 9, 12, 13, 16, 52,

165–67China, 13Christianity, 142Christian schools, 162, 167Chulalongkorn, 14, 19, 20, 23, 175Chulalongkorn University, 22, 66tChularajmontri, 14, 21, 22, 43n25,

85, 132College of Islamic Studies

faculty, 106, 148, 153, 160, 162funding, 68government policy and, 32, 62–63Medina University and, 154scholarships, 69structure and curriculum, 66t

Committee of Higher EducationInstitutions, 63

Compulsory Education Act, 25Cornish, Andrew, 109Cotabato, 182

Ddakwah

historical role, 147Jemaat Tabligh and, 140–44jihad and, 119–20, 125study of, 64, 152, 155, 156, 158

Dakwah Foundation, 157Dar Al-’Ahd, 114Dar Al-Harb, 113–19, 131, 181Dar Al-Islam, 18, 106, 113–19, 131, 181

Dar Al-Kufr, 119Dar Al-Muwada’ah, 114, 116Dar As-Sulh, 113Dara Wittaya, 157Darul Uloom, 159Dato Yutthitam, 21Da’ud ibn Abd-Allah Patani, 23Delhi University, 159Deobandi Islam, 159Dhaka University, 159Dhonburi, 146, 164diploma aliy, 65Direk Kulsiriswasd, 80Dutch East Indies, 23

EEducation Development Plan of the

Provinces along the SouthernBorder, 30–33, 176

Education Proclamation, 23Education Promotion Project, 59Egypt

influence, 150reformists, 77, 83scholarships and grants, 69, 165Thais educated in, 145, 155–56,

160, 166universities, 32, 148

Emir Yusoff Khan Pakara, 143English language, 30, 31, 33, 63, 64,

92, 155, 162Euben, Roxanne, 180

FFaridatul-Fara’id, 101Fatih (Witt Thai Witthaya) School,

165, 166fatwa, 101, 106, 116Fazail A’maal, 142, 145fiqh

Hanafi school, 13, 165interpretations, 95, 101–2reformist views, 7, 78, 79, 94, 154


208 Index

study of, 53, 54, 59, 84–85, 152traditional texts, 100–1

First World War, 82fitnah, 91–92Forbes, Andrew D.W., 35Foundation for Islamic Education in

Southern Thailand, 88Furu’ al-Masa’il, 101

GGilquin, Michel, xvi, 105GMIP (Gerakan Mujahideen Islam

Pattani), 126Gowing, Peter, 21

Hhadith

concept of jihad, 127, 128Fazail A’maal, 142, 145instructions contained within, 116,

120Prophetic lifestyle, 140reformist focus, 7, 79, 80study of, 54, 82, 85, 150, 152, 166Thai translations, 17

Haj, 89, 153, 181Haji Haran Surong, 38Haji Mohd Idris, 86Haji Nik Mahmud Muhammad

Ismail, 147Haji Sulong bin Haji Abdul Kadir, 8,

81–88, 95, 101, 104, 179, 181halaqah, 23, 82, 95, 153, 182Hambali, xiiHanafi jurisprudence, 13, 165Hanbali jurisprudence, 78, 94, 106Haramain, 114Hasan Koto, 153Hasan Madmarn, xv–xvi, 5, 53, 57,

69, 70, 81, 87, 155Hassan Nikmatullah, 127–29Hefner, Robert, 178Hidayatul Salatin, 104

hijab, 16, 26Hijaz, 114hijrah, 143Hinduism, 76, 142Hira’, 110Honikah, Zanghrid, 122Horstmann, Alexander, 88, 101Hugronje, Snouck, 23

IIbn Rushd, 133n11Ibn Sina, 133n11Ibn Taymiyyah, 78Ibrahim Janah, 158Ibrahim Narongraksakhet, xvi, 160Ibrahim Qureyshi, 80ijtihad, 80, 90, 102, 106, 108, 118Ikhwanul Muslimin, 90Imam Al-Qurthubi, 123Imam Ghazali, 104–5Imam Khomeini School, 146Imam Mustapha, 166Imam Salat Tarawih, 143India, 142, 145, 159Indochina, 82Indo-Malay archipelago, 13, 79Indonesia

Islamic schools, xii, 148Markaz Dakwah Yala and, 143Ministry of Religion, 161students in Thailand, 147teachers from, 147, 148terrorist attacks, xiThai Muslims and, 69, 145, 147,

148, 161–63Indonesian community in Bangkok,

163, 164Institute of Learning — Pondok, 60institut pengajian tinggi, 49, 62–64International Crisis Group (ICG), 37,

40International Islamic Relief

Organization, 68


209

Index 209

International Islamic University (KualaLumpur), 159

International Islamic University(Pakistan), 159

International University of Africa(IUA), 156, 157, 158

Iran, 146Iranian Revolution, 63, 139–40, 146Iraq, 124, 147Irbid, 158Ishahak Budi, 146, 172n90Islahiyah Islamic Private School, 94,

153, 157Islam

“crisis of modernity,” 2, 92global awakening, 139–40internal debates, 178–81Lutfi’s treatises on, 112–27reform movements, 5, 7, 20, 77–79in Thailand, 12, 13–18, 76–95,

145–46traditional Southeast Asian, 6–7,

76–77, 92, 96n1, 96n6, 105,182

warfare and conflict in, 122–27Western views of, 77, 90, 180, 181

Islam Burana Tokno, 94Islamiah University, 146Islamic Central Committee, 155Islamic Centre of Thailand, 14, 91Islamic Development Bank, 68Islamic education in Thailand. See also

Islamic private schools; madrasah;pondok

citizenship and pluralism, 112foreign students, 147–48funding, 66–69, 74n38, 74n40,

74n44, 94gender, 110–12government policies, 24–35, 62–63,

71historical development, 58, 76, 80Jemaat Tabligh and, 141–44

modern knowledge and, 92–93,101, 173–74

non-Muslim views of, 1, 3, 8, 24,27, 37, 39

overseas study, 29, 31, 34, 69,74n46, 148, 151–63

reform movements and, 76–95,101–2, 183–84

role of internet, 70–71structure and curriculum, 4, 29,

30–33, 48–71, 85, 87Islamic International University, 158Islamic Private School Association, 55,

60, 70, 149, 152, 153, 156, 176Islamic private schools, 49, 155, 156–

57, 176Islamic University (Bangladesh), 159Islamic University of Imam

Muhammad bin Saud, 88, 90,152, 153

Islamic Youth Movement of Malaysia, 148Islam Penjana Kedamaian Sejagat,

120–27, 181Islam Prachasongkroh, 94Islam Sasana Wittaya, 157Islam Witthaya Foundation, 38Ismail Ali, 106, 126, 153Ismail Jaafar, 132, 138n112Ismail Lutfi Japakiya

on Malay-Muslim situation, 110reform movements and, 8, 88–95Saudi funding and, 165training, 153treatises on Islam, 104, 112–27views, xiii, 64, 106, 126, 129, 179–

80, 184Ismail Sepanjang, 95, 154Ismail Shah Zillulah Fi al-Alam, 13Israel, 63, 124

Jjahiliyya, 80, 83, 130–31Jakarta, 161


210 Index

Jamaat-I-Islami, 80, 163Jamaluddin al-Afghani, 101, 181Jami-yatul Islam, 80, 163Java, xiJawi

Malay Muslim dialect, 17, 42n10medium of instruction, 70, 88, 95,

103, 107study of, 31translations from Arabic, 23

Jemaah Islamiyah (JI), xi–xii, xviiJemaat Mastura, 141Jemaat Tabligh, 9, 126, 139–45, 159,

163, 166, 183jihad, xii, 40, 118–20, 124–32, 140,

181Jihad Bunga-tanyong, 153Jihad Fi Sabilillah Pengertian dan

Bidang, 112, 127–29, 181jihadi movement, 6, 41, 69, 131Jitpakdee Attaqwa School, 165–66Jordan, 69, 141, 142, 158, 160

KKa’abah, 81Kabang, 66Kai Sirintong, 142Kamal Zaman, 81Kampung Anak Ru, 81Kampung Cham, 82, 182Kampung Serong, 63Kampung Sungei Pandang, 81Karim Hassan, 34Kariya Langputeh, 160Kashf al-Litham, 101Kaum Muda, 78, 95, 104Kaum Tua, 103Kaum Tua-Kaum Muda, 87, 95, 101–

2, 139Kedah, 14, 157Kelantan, 14, 17, 82, 130, 131, 141,

147, 159Khadija, 110

khaek, 12Kharawij, 91–92, 180Khmer, 23Khmer Empire, 108Khuang Aphaiwong, 21khutbah, 80, 96, 166Kifayah Al-Muhtadi, 102–5Kitab Jawi, 100, 107Kitab Kuning, 100Klorek, 141Kota Bahru, 141Krak, 158Krisek (Krue Se) mosque, 130Kuala Lumpur, 158, 159kuliyyah, 65Kuwait, 68, 92, 95, 165

LLebanon, 63Libya, 34, 151, 165Liow, Joseph Chinyong, xii–xivLutfi, Ismail Japakiya. See Ismail Lutfi

Japakiya

MMa’ahad Dar al-Ulum, 81Madmarn, Hasan, xv–xvi, 5, 53, 57,

69, 70, 81, 87, 155Madrasah Al-Ma’arif Al-Wattaniah

Fatani, 85–87, 95madrasahs

Philippines, xiiin South Asia, 1, 41, 150in Southern Thailand, xvi, 49, 54,

58–59, 85–87, 141–42Madrasah Tahfiz Alkuran, 141–42Mae-sod, 141Mafraq, 158Mahamalutfi Hayeesamae, 158Mah-lazim Yalo, 160Mahmud bin Hayee Ismail, 141, 143Makassan district, 164Malaya University, 160


211

Index 211

Malay languagegovernment policy, 30–32, 176identity and, 17–18, 107medium of instruction, 164sermons, 96teaching of, 28, 63, 161translation of Qur’an, 80

Malay-Muslim community dynamicsIslamic education and, 76, 149Jemaat Tabligh and Shi’a Islam, 139,

144–146need for investigation, 4–5, 8, 41–

42reform movements and, 71, 84–86,

89, 95, 101, 179Malay Muslims of Thailand. See also

Jawi; Malay-Muslim communitydynamics

attitudes to education, 151–52, 175economic activities, 12–13, 42n3ethnic nationalism, 8, 15–18, 21–

22, 35, 41, 82, 106–110historical resistance against Siam,

19–20, 40Jemaat Tabligh and, 144–45nomenclature, 12, 15place in Thai nation, 3, 12–15, 18,

21, 26, 106–110, 177religious identity, xiii, 8, 14, 83responses to modernity, 7–8, 35,

57–58, 177women, 110–12, 141, 144, 167n4

Malay-Muslim students, 30, 48–52,60–61, 71

Malay-Muslim world, 4, 14, 18, 20,76, 78, 79, 179

Malay Peninsula, 19, 82, 83, 108Malaysia

Islamic organizations, 148–49Islamic schools in, xi, 157, 158,

159, 162Jemaat Tabligh, 141Markaz Dakwah Yala and, 143

reception of Lutfi, 89students in Thailand, 147support for separatists, 34teachers in Thailand, 147, 148Thai Muslims in, 69, 92, 147, 159

Malaysia University of Agriculture, 160Malaysia University of Science, 160Mamoun Fandy, 150Mandarin Chinese, 30, 31, 63Mandaville, Peter, 182–83manhaj, 78, 102Mariyam Alfatoni, 156Markaz Dakwah Yala, 111, 140–43Masae Useng, 38, 39Masjid Al-Haram, 23, 82, 95, 103,

153Masjid Jami’, 141Masjidwar Jemaat, 143Maulana Zakariyyah Khandelwi, 142Mawlid, 91Mayo, 157Mazhab, 79, 94, 101–2Mazhab Jafari, 146McVey, Ruth, 22Mecca

anti-colonialism and, 80centre of learning, 107historical events, 79, 123, 126, 143holy city, 114, 153Patani scholars in, 23–24, 100, 147,

154universities, 152

Medan, 161Medina, 110, 114, 143, 152, 166Medina University, 152, 153, 154Melaka, 13, 108Melayu, 17Middle East

emigration to Thailand, 163–64influence on Malay Muslims, 58,

70, 105, 182Islamic education in, xii, 23, 79,

155


212 Index

Malay-Muslim students in, 34, 62,69, 81, 151, 162

military dictatorships, 25Minburi, 141Ministry of Education, 26, 27, 29, 49,

58–60, 63, 64, 69, 176Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 69Ministry of the Interior, 71Mohammad Kanafi Doleh, 38monarchy, 25, 85Morocco, 69, 132Muang (Narathiwat), 94Muang (Pattani), 88Muang (Yala), 94, 146Muawiyyah, 91Muhammad Abduh, 77, 79, 82, 101,

181Muhammad bin Saud, 79Muhammad ibn Abd Al-Wahab, 78,

79, 92, 133n9, 154Muhammad Ilyas, 141Muhammadiyah, 79–80, 82Muhammadiyah University, 161Muhammad Nur bin Muhammad bin

Ismail Al-Fatani, 102Muhayid, 119Mujahideen struggle, 63, 139–40mujtahid, 106, 129Muktazilites, 133n11Mulniti, 149Munyatul-Musalli, 101musafir, 82, 147Muslim Phattana Sasana, 94Musta’min, 119Mu’tah University, 158Muwadi, 119Myanmar, 13, 147

NNadwah Islamiah, 159Nahdi Press, 100nahwi, 82, 85Najmuddin Umar, 39

Nakhon Si Thammarat, 12, 14, 94,141, 146

NarathiwatIslamic schools in, 39, 49, 53, 54,

60, 150t, 157, 158Jemaat Tabligh, 141, 145Malay Muslims in, 10, 12, 18, 22separatist struggle, 34, 36, 38

Narathiwatrachanakharin University,32

National Council of Islamic Affairs(NCIA), 14, 21

National Education Act, 48, 69National Education Plan, 24, 25National Education System, 25National Reconciliation Commission,

15, 18, 42n8National Revolutionary Movement, 34National Security Council, 62National University of Malaysia, 160Nidae Waba, 55, 126Nik Aziz Nik Mat, 160non-Malay Muslims, 15–16, 22, 163–

67North Africa, 23, 151, 182Northern Malaysia University, 160Nuruddin, 94

OOffice of Local District Education

Region (OLDER), 69Omar Farouk Bajunid, 17Ommu Darman Al-Ahliyah

University, 156Ommu Darman Al-Islamiyah

University (OIU), 156, 158Othman Talokmekna, 158

PPacific War, 26Pakistan, 1, 80, 141–43, 145, 148,

150, 159Palestine, 124


213

Index 213

Paramitang, 94PAS (Parti Islam Se-Malaysia), 161Pasai, 13patanakarn ideology, 21Patani Darussalam

centre of learning, 18–19, 23–24,29, 56, 70, 100, 146–47, 151–52

focus of identity, 22, 48–49historical kingdom, 4, 9, 14, 18–20,

108–9, 163Islam in, 13, 83–84separatist struggle for, 130teaching about, 10, 32, 37, 39, 40–

41, 108–10, 119–20Patani National Liberation Movement,

34Patani Press, 100Patani United Liberation Organization

(PULO), 34, 35, 109, 126, 151Patronage of Islam Act, 14, 15, 21, 85Pattani

Islamic schools in, 26, 49, 54, 60,63, 88, 150t, 157

Jemaat Tabligh, 142, 145Malay Muslims in, 10, 12, 18, 22province and town, 9, 18, 81separatist struggle, 36, 38, 130Shi’a community, 146vocational programs, 33

Pattani Darussalam AlumniOrganizationóPakistan, 159

Pattani Provincial Islamic Council, 86Penang, 160People’s Party government, 85peperangan, 122–27Persatuan Pondok, 149, 156Persian community, 13, 14, 145, 163,

164pesantren, xi, 41, 53, 72n10Phang-nga, 15Phatalung, 94Phibun Songgkram, 21, 26

Philippines, xii, 143, 182Phraya Tu Nakpa, 13Phuket, 12, 94Phyara Phahol, 85Pislabad University, 159Poh Su Ismail, 132, 138n112pondok. See also Islamic private

schools; madrasah; tok gurucurriculum, 7, 27, 53, 58–59, 68,

84, 109, 149enrolments, 57funding, 66–69, 73n19government policy, 24–29, 175–76history, xv, 3, 19, 23Malay-Muslim identity and, xv, xvi,

4, 19–20, 23, 177–78number and distribution, 53–55,

65tplace in education system, 49, 52–

62, 64–65reform and, xii, 7, 83–87, 174, 176registration program, 26–29, 54–

55, 60, 67separatist movement and, 34, 36, 39in Southeast Asia, 3

Pondok Alfatah Papao, 66Pondok Association, 149, 156, 176Pondok Dalor, 56Pondok Education Improvement

Programme (PEIP), 27–28, 34,59, 175

Pondok Haji Abdul Rashid, 81Pondok Paderu, 141Pridi Panomyong, 26Prince of Songkhla University, xvi,

176. See also College of IslamicStudies

Princess of NarathiwatrajnakarinUniversity, 62, 154, 176

Private Education Committee, 60Private Islamic Schools Improvement

Committee, 59Private School Act, 28, 29


214 Index

Prophet, thelife and times, 91, 110, 121, 126, 143model for Muslim conduct, 93, 144reformist views of, 77, 78teachings, 123

Provincial Council of Islamic Affairs(PCIA), 14, 21

PULO (Patani United LiberationOrganization), 34, 35, 109, 126,151

Pusaka, 39, 47n73

Qqadi, 21, 43n17. See also Dato

YutthitamQatar, 68, 92, 98n47qira’atiy, 65, 66t, 85Qum, 146qunut, 103–4Quraisy clan, 123Qur’an

basis of fiqh, 95, 102gender relations, 110instructions on peaceful living, 107,

120Jemaat Tabligh and, 141knowledge and, 173, 180Lutfi’s writings on, 91, 116modernity and, 92, 102on Prophet as model, 93reformist interpretations, 7, 79, 80,

88, 102, 103school curricula and, 1, 64, 65,

146, 166teachings on jihad, 124, 129translations, 17, 96uses in separatist texts, 129, 130, 131

RRamadhan, 143, 146Rama I, 19Rama V, 14Rama VI, 20

Ramkhamhaeng, 13Rangeh, 157Rantau Panjang, 141Rashid Rida, 77, 79, 82Ratprachanukroh Islamic Private

School, 153raudah, 49, 66tresistance and rebellion, 22, 26, 40Riddell, Peter, 5Riduan Isamuddin, xiiRiyadh, 152Roff, William, 78Rumsfeld, Donald, 1

SSahabah, 77Sai Buri, 95Saiburi, 157Salaf, 77–78, 79, 144Salafi schools, xii, xiii, 93–94, 160Salafism. See also Wahhabism

influence on Malay-Muslims, 5, 16,41, 160, 179

Jemaat Tabligh and, 144, 145radical practices, 132reformist model, 7, 77–78, 79, 88,

139, 157textbooks, 103–5, 127–29vs. Wahhabism, 90, 91, 92

Salafiyya movement, 79Salafus-Saaleh, 77Salahhuddin Al-Ayubi, 123, 137n82Salt, 158Samaddee Wittaya Islamic School, 157Samarnmit Witthaya School, 158Santichon Islamic School, 146, 164Santi Suksa School, 165, 166Sapa-ing Basoe, 38, 47n71Sarekat Islam, 79, 82Sarit Thanarat, 21Satri Islam Wittaya Mulniti, 112Satri Pattanasuksa, 112Satri Sasanupatham, 112


215

Index 215

Satri Tham Witthaya, 38Satun

Islamic schools in, 49, 54, 60, 94,150t

Malay Muslims in, 12, 17, 22non-Malay Muslims in, 15

Saud, House of, 79Saudara Press, 100Saudi Arabia

grants and scholarships, xii, 1, 68,69, 88, 89, 94, 152–54, 165

influence on Muslim world, 150Jemaat Tabligh and, 144Lutfi and, 88–90, 92reform movements in, 79, 154support for separatists, 34teachers from, 147teachers trained in, 95, 106, 145,

148, 160Thai students in, xiii, 34, 69, 95,

151, 152–54, 166Saudi Arabia Alumni Association, 152Sayyid Qutb, 75n58, 125, 131, 180Scott, James C., 109Scupin, Raymond, xvi, 19, 20, 56,

105, 163Second World War, 8, 26Sejarah Kerajaan Melayu Patani, 108Sejarah Perjuangan Melayu Patani, 108sekolah agama rakyat, 49, 57–62sekolah agama swasta, 49, 57–62sekolah anubahn, 49–50, 52Sekolah Haji Harun, 112separatist struggle

Islamic education and, xvi, 3, 6, 8,10, 18, 26–29, 34, 40, 174

Jemaat Tabligh and, 142–43language and culture, 18, 22organizations, 34recruitment, 36–37, 132, 151use of jihad concept, 126–32violence, 22, 35–39, 129–30, 132,

149

September 11, 2001, xi, 2, 6, 8, 69,89, 90, 162

Shafi’i jurisprudence, 7, 13, 82, 94,95, 101–3, 159, 161

Shafi’i Sunnism, xii, 5, 145, 156, 179shari’a law

in curricula, 53, 63, 93, 133n6,147, 152, 155, 156

definition of good Muslim, 121freedom to practise, 106–7gender and, 110–11Lutfi’s writings on, 90reformist emphasis, 101, 131status in different lands, 113–17Sufism and, 76Thai interference, 20, 26, 43n17

Shari’a Universiti Utara Malaysia, 157Shaykh Said Hawwa, 90Sheikh Ahmad bin Muhammad Zain

al-Fatani, 101, 109, 147Sheikh Daud Al-Fatani, 101, 103Sheikh Nawawi Al-Bantani, 100Sheikh ul-Islam, 14. See also

ChularajmontriSheikh Wan Muhammad Ismail Al-

Fatani, 101Sheikh Zain al-’Abidin Al-Fatani, 101Shi’a Islam, 13–14, 91, 132, 139,

145–46, 161, 183shirk, 78, 88, 103shura councils, 140Siam, 19, 29, 40, 108–9, 126, 163Singapore, 79, 82, 108, 143, 147Sohibulbahree Thon, 157Songkhla

Malay Muslims in, 12, 86non-Malay Muslims in, 15schools, 31, 49, 94, 150tseparatist struggle, 36, 39, 130

South Africa, 142, 143South Asia, 13, 79, 81, 140, 150, 159South Asian community in Bangkok,

163


216 Index

Southern Higher EducationFoundation, 63

Soviet Union, 139–40State Islamic University, 161Sudan, 69, 132, 142, 147, 156–58Sufism

interpretation of jihad, 129Jemaat Tabligh and, 144, 145Malay Muslims and, 156, 179militant forms, 132reformist attitudes to, 78, 92, 154Southeast Asian Islam, 5, 7, 13, 94,

96n6teachings, 76, 104–6

Sukan Sasana Wittaya, 94Sukhothai kingdom, 13, 108Suksawad Wittaya Islamic Private

School, 94, 153, 157Sullam Al-Mubtadi, 102–3Sungei Golok, 141, 159sunnah, 7, 95, 102, 103, 127, 180Sunni Islam, 13, 77, 146Surabaya, 161Surayud Chulanont, 42n8, 88Surin Pitsuwan, xvi, 56, 57, 140, 151,

155Syaikh Sa’eed, 13Syed Suleiman, 146Syeikh Samad al-Palimbani, 104–5Syeikh Wan Ahmad bin Mohamed

Zain al-Fatani, 82Syeikh Zainal Abidin bin Ahmad al-

Fatani, 81Syria, 34, 122

TTaabi’een, 77Tabia Witthaya, 111tabligh, 82, 84Tablighi Nisaab, 142tadika, 32, 39, 49, 52, 65, 66t, 72n5,

176tafsir, 54, 59, 81, 85, 152tahfiz schools, 143

Tak, 141, 143Tak Bai, 94, 159takfir, 132, 180Taliban, 1Talok Manok, 53Taman Tok, 80Tambon Bangosine, 157Tambon Bangpo, 157Tambon Sakam, 157Tambon Tanyongmas, 157Tambun Budi, 63, 157Tanjungluluk, 112taqlid, 79, 80, 102Tarpia Tulwatan Mullaniti Islamic

School, 132tassawuf, 53, 54, 100, 104–5, 154tauhid, 53, 64, 78, 80, 85, 92, 101,

110Temasek, 108Terengganu, 14, 157terrorism, xi, 2, 6, 69, 162, 174Thai government

assimilationist policies, 21, 24–29,35, 68, 147, 175

attitude to Islamic education, xvi, 6,24–29, 33–34, 41, 62–63, 67

Jemaat Tabligh and, 142–43response to militant attacks, 36scholarships for Muslim students, 155southern provinces and, xiii, 85

Thai Islam, 15–16, 17Thailand

government, 25, 85Malay-Muslim minority, 12, 13–18modern education in, 19, 23, 24,

25, 56, 76national identity, 14, 19, 20, 24,

25–26, 175non-Malay Muslims, 15–16population, 12religion, 12, 14, 16traditional education, 22–23

Thai languagegovernment policy, 175


217

Index 217

Malay Muslims and, 17, 35, 107–8medium of instruction, 19, 28, 59,

64, 164non-Malay Muslims and, 15pondok and, 27sermons, 96n7study of, 30, 31, 63translation of Qur’an, 80

Thai Muslim Students Association(TMSA), 148–49

Thaksin Shinawatra, 40, 42n8Thamma Witthaya, 38–39, 40, 148Thamma Witthaya Mullanithi School,

155Thamsetam Wittaya, 94Thanet Aphornsuvan, 17, 26, 86tiga wilayah, 126Time Magazine, 131TMSA (Thai Muslim Students

Association), 148–49tok guru

attitudes, 55, 56, 68, 85, 95foreign-trained, 151Haji Haran Surong, 38international renown, 147language of instruction, 24–25reformist views of, 105role, 53–54, 59, 66–68, 84, 88,

105–6, 177scholarly activities, 23

Tok Kenali, 82, 147Tok Minal, 81Trang, 15Tunisia, 165

UUdom Sasana, 94ulama Jawi, 23, 82, 95, 101Umar, 104ummah, 5, 77, 92, 116, 128, 140,

150, 181Umm Al-Qura University, 152, 153United States, 1, 124, 165Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 160

Universiti Malaya, xvi, 160Universiti Pertanian Malaysia, 160Universiti Sains Malaysia, 160Universiti Utara Malaysia, 160University of Indonesia, 161University of Islamic Studies, 159University of Jogjakarta, 161University of Jordan, 158University of Khartoum, 156, 157University of Maha Mongkut, 66tUniversity of Surabaya, 161Urdu, 142usul-addin, 53, 63, 93, 147, 155uswah hasanah, 64, 93Uthai Dulyakasem, xvi, 28, 35Uthman, 104

VVajiravudh, 20Visetrutt, Aisyah, 158

WWadah faction, 39, 47n74Wahhabism

development, 77–79, 94, 182Lutfi and, 8, 90–92, 124, 125, 180outside views of, 1, 41, 95Qatar and, 98radical forms, 132in Thailand, 154, 157

Wan Kadir Che Man, xvi, 34, 152Wan Muhammad Nor Matha, 148waqf, 55, 66, 69, 141, 155, 162, 165Weeyusof Sidik, 157West Africa, 79Western education, 2, 7–8Wifakul Madaris University, 159Winzeler, Robert, 147Wira Shuhada, 130World Assembly of Muslim Youth

(WAMY), 68

YYaha, 94, 112


218 Index

YalaIslamic schools in, 38–39, 49, 54,

60, 63, 66, 150t, 157Jemaat Tabligh, 140–42, 145Malay Muslims in, 10, 12, 18, 22,

111separatist struggle, 36, 39, 130vocational programs, 33

Yala Islamic Universitycurriculum, 63–64, 93faculty, 143, 147, 148, 153, 158, 160foreign students, 147, 169n29funding, 68, 89, 92, 94, 162–63graduates, 95Islamic education and, 62, 66tLutfi and, 8, 88, 153mission, 176

Yarang, 146Yarasy University, 158

Yaring, 94Yarmuk University, 158Yawi, 17, 42n10Yayasan, 149Yemen, 13, 142Yingo, 158Young Muslims Association of

Thailand (YMAT), 80, 148–49Yunnanese, 165Yusof Waeduramae, 38

ZZakaria Al-Fathoni, 141zakat, 55, 66, 69, 121, 141, 162, 165Zamalik University, 155Zayn al-Abidin Patani, 23zikr, 104, 127zimmi, 114, 115, 119, 135n45Zionists, 120, 124


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