DOW UltrafiltrationFundamentals, Product Range & Operation

Summary of the Presentation

What is UF/MF? UF/MF Membranes & System Configurations Basic UF/MF Terminology Advantages of UF/MF vs conventional filtration UF Desirable Membrane Properties Specific Features and Benefits of DOWTM UF DOWTM UF UF System Operation & Design Technical Support Applications & References

What is UF/MF?

UF and MF: membrane processes based on size exclusion(physical sieving). Reject particles, colloids, SS, oxidizedFe/Mn, microorganisms...

What UF and MF cannot reject: DOM, Non-Oxidized Fe/Mn,Hardness, Salts.

Ionic Range Molecular Range Macro Molecular Range Micro Particle Range Macro Particle Range

Dissolved Organics

Viruses

Metal Ions

Latex / Emulsions

Bacteria

Colloids

Algae

Giardia

Human Hair

Insecticides

Soluble Salts

Antibiotics

Endotoxins/Pyrogens

Crypto

0.0001

Reverse Osmosis Microfiltration

Nanofiltration

Ultrafiltration

IX

Electrodeionization

0.001 0.01 0.1 1.0 10010

104 106

Micrometers (Log Scale)

Angstrom Units (Log Scale)

Particle Filtration

Technology within Dow Water Solutions

Filtration Spectrum

1 10 100 1000 105

Membrane Configurations

Tubular Plate & Frame

Hollow Fibers

Spiral Wound

UF/MF System Configurations

Pressurized

Hollow fiber modules where water is forced either into or out of the lumen under pressure.

Submerged (or Immersed)

Hollow fiber configurations where water is pulled into the fiber lumen by suction.

There are two basic UF/MF configurations:

PumpFeed

Permeate

Membrane

FeedTank

PumpPermeate

Membrane

UF/MF System Configurations

Pressurized

Hollow fiber modules where water is forced either into or out of the lumen under pressure.

Submerged (or Immersed)

Hollow fiber configurations where water is pulled into the fiber lumen by suction.

There are two basic UF/MF configurations:

Lower footprint and weight Higher and more consistent filtrate quality

(Log-Removal credit regardless water source) Rejects pathogens resistant to chlorination Lower chemical use (polymer, coagulant, pH

adjustment, chlorination,) Easier operation and maintenance (highly

automated operation) Easier expandability Integrated systems (DOW advantage)

Advantages of UF/MF vs Conventional Filtration

.

Some advantages of UF/MF as pretreatment of RO:

Lower fouling in RO membranes.

Reduce chemicalcleaningfrequencies longer life of RO

Posibility to operatethe RO at higherflux LessMembranes & Vessels

Advantages of UF/MF vs Conventional Filtration

.

Some Common UF/MF Terms

Recovery: Ratio of filtrate flow to feed flow [%].

TMP: Transmembrane Pressure (similar to head loss with conventional granular media filters) [bar or psi]

Flux: Permeate Flow Divided by Membrane Area, [lmh or gfd]

Permeability: Normalized flux divided by TMP (sometimes called specific flux) [lmh/bar or gfd/psi]

Fouling: Gradual reduction in filtrate flow at constant pressuredue to adsorption or deposition of contaminants within or onthe membrane.

BW: BackWash (also called Reverse Flush, Backflush, Backpulse)

CIP: Clean In Place (Intensive Cleaning)

CEB: Chemically Enhanced Backwash (other terms: Mini-Clean, Automatic cleaning, Enhanced flux maintenance, Maintenance Clean, Chemical Wash)

AS: Air Scour (or Air Scrub)

Some Common UF/MF Terms

Membrane Properties Are all UF the same?

Pore Size: UF vs MF Fiber Material: Strength, Chemical

Stability, Hydrophilicity Flow configuration: Out-In vs In-Out

.

Membrane Properties UF vs MF UF is a filter of smaller water

pollutants removing pathogens, silt, colloids and medium to higher molecular weight organics. UF obtains higher virus removal than MF.

Flux decline profile more stable for UF (asymmetricmembrane)

0.1 m

0.03 m

.

Membrane Properties Strength Strength of raw polymer - use high

molecular weight PVDF

Strength of porous membrane structure without the use of reinforcing materials

.

Membrane Properties Chemical Stability Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) Fibers maintain their strength under

continuous harsh chemical cleaning conditions, better than any other membrane material.

Soaking testwith 5000 ppmNaOCl for 250hours

Residual strength of hollow fibers aftersoak in 5000 ppm NaOCl solution

Membrane Properties Hydrophilicity DOW TM UF PVDF Membranes are made hydrophilic higher

resistance to fouling by organics.

PESCA

PAN

PS PVDF

HDPEPP

PTFE

PAN

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120Contact Angle [Degree, ]

S

u

r

f

a

c

e

T

e

n

s

i

o

n

[

D

y

n

e

/

c

m

]

DOW UF PVDFDOW UF PVDF

38

+ Hydrophilic + Hydrophobic

Flow Configuration: Out-In vs In-Out

Inside / Out

Outside / In

Fiber Material Module LayoutPore Size Flow Pattern

H-PVDF Vertical Encased 0.03 m Out In

UF - A R-PVDF Submerged 0.04 m Out In

UF - B PVDF Vertical Encased 0.04 m Out In

UF - C PVDF Vertical Encased0.1 m (MF) Out In

UF - D PES Vertical Encased 0.025 m In Out

UF - E PES Horizontal Encased 0.025 m In Out

Hollow Fiber UF Manufacturers Comparative

Specific Features and Benefits of

DOWTM UF

.

DOWTM UF Features and Advantages Pressurized Outside/In Modular Membrane Product

Tolerance to wide range of Feed Water quality Simple Vertical Shell Design (no PV needed) Dead-End Operation

1.3 mm x 0.7 mm H-PVDF Hollow Fibers Mechanically strong fibers High Chemical tolerance Treated for Increased Hydrophilicity (high

fouling resistance)

0.03 m Nominal Pore Size Sponge-like structure for high filtration efficiency

.

DOWTM UF Specifications & Operating ConditionsDOWTM UF Model

SFP/SFD -2660

SFP/SFD -2860

SFP/SFD -2880

Module Specifications

Height 1,860 mm 1,820 mm 2,320 mm

Fibers Length 1,500 mm 1,500 mm 2,000 mm

Module Diameter 165 mm (6.5") 225 mm (8.9") 225 mm (8.9")

Module Surface Area 33 m2 51 m2 77 m2

Volume 16 L 35 L 39 L

Weight (water filled) 41 kg 83 kg 100 kg

Shipping Weight 25 kg 48 kg 61 kg

Flow Range 1.3 - 4.0 m3/h 2.0 - 6.1 m3/h 3.1 9.3 m3/h

Fibers Features

Flow Configuration Out to In

Fibers Material Hydrophilic-PVDF

Nominal Pore Size 0.03 m

Operating Conditions

Temperature 1 - 40C

Max. Inlet Pressure Up to 6.3 bar @ 20C; 4.8 bar @ 40C

Max. Operating TMP 2.1 bar

pH, Operating 2-11 (continuous); 1-12 (cleaning)

NaOCl Max. 2,000 ppm

Backwash Flux 100-150 L/m2.h

Feed Requirements

Max. TSS 100 mg/L

Max. Turbidity 300 NTU

Max. Particle Size 300 mSFP-2660 SFP-2860 SFP-2880

.

Filtration(20-60 min)

Air Scrub (20s)Backwash (40-60s)

Forward Flush (30-60s)(Physical Cleaning)

CEB (On-Line); Every 1-7 daysCIP (Off-Line); Every 1-12 months

(Chemical Cleaning)

UF System Operation

Filtration

Ultrafiltrate

Raw WaterFilter

150-200 m

Backwash Tank

Air

Chemicals

Backwash Pump

Feed Pump

Effluent

Air Scour

Ultrafiltrate

Raw WaterFilter

150-200 m

Backwash Tank

Air

Chemicals

Backwash Pump

Feed Pump

Effluent

Air Scour (Drain Step)

Ultrafiltrate

Raw WaterFilter

150-200 m

Backwash Tank

Air

Chemicals

Backwash Pump

Feed Pump

Effluent

Backwash Top

Ultrafiltrate

Raw WaterFilter

150-200 m

Backwash Tank

Air

NaOCl(optional)

Backwash Pump

Feed Pump

Effluent

Backwash Bottom

Ultrafiltrate

Raw WaterFilter

150-200 m

Backwash Tank

Air

Backwash Pump

Feed Pump

Effluent

NaOCl(optional)

Forward Flush

Ultrafiltrate

Raw WaterFilter

150-200 m

Backwash Tank

Air

Chemicals

Backwash Pump

Feed Pump

Effluent

CEB Top

Ultrafiltrate

Raw WaterFilter

150-200 m

Backwash Tank

Air

Chemicals

Backwash Pump

Feed Pump

Effluent

.

CEB Bottom

Ultrafiltrate

Raw WaterFilter

150-200 m

Backwash Tank

Air

Chemicals

Backwash Pump

Feed Pump

Effluent

.

CEB

Acid HCl or H2SO4 @ approx. 500 mg/L (target pH 2) Frequency is typically every 72 hours or when necessary. Removes colloids and inorganic salt plugging both inside and

outside of membrane.

Alkali NaOH @ approx. 500 mg/L (target pH 12) Generally combined with NaOCl @ approx. 350 mg/L Frequency is typically every 24 hours or when necessary. Removes organics and biofoulants from membrane.

CIP

Acid HCl @ 2,000 ppm pH 2

Alkali NaOH @ 1,000 ppm NaOCl @ 2,000 ppm pH 12

Frequency is typically every 1-3 months. Flow rate of 1.5 to 2.0 m3/h/module. Duration is typically 120-150 minutes. Triggered by transmembrane pressure rise.

CIP Solution (up to 40 C)

.

Chemical0.4% HCl 2% Citric Acid

2% Oxalic Acid 0.2% NaOCl 0.1% NaOH

Contaminants

Inorganic Recommended

Organic Recommended Possible

Metal Oxides (Fe,Mn)

Possible Recommended

Colloids / Particles

Recommended

Silica Recommended

Biological Recommended Possible

Coexistence polivalent cations & organic matter

Recommended / 1st CIP

Recommended / 1st CIP

Recommended / 2nd CIP

CIP General Guidelines

.

CEB CIPMaintenance cleaning. Intensive cleaning.

Shorter in duration (but higher frequency). Longer in duration (but lower frequency).

Require less operator involvement. Automatic.

Manually initiated.

It is done with ultrafiltrate. Chemical solution is prepared with demin/RO water, usually at higher concentrations.

Chemical solution is flushed out from thesystem.

Chemical solution is recirculated through thesystem.

Cleaning occurs at ambient temperature. Heating of the cleaning solution isrecommended.

CEB vs CIP

DOW UF Skid

Typical DOWTM UF System

Double Floor DOWTM UF System

Double Floor DOWTM UF System

Design Software - UFlow

10-Page detailed report, including:

System Flow Diagram.

Plant design details (#UF racks, #UF modules per rack, recovery, UF module main features, etc.)

Instantaneous and Average system flows.

Sizing of tanks, valves, piping.

Chemical consumption and cost.

Energy consumption and cost.

Operating Tables.

Design Software - UFlow

Design Guidelines

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Proposal - Engineering Package

Deliverables: P&ID Drawings General Arrangement Drawings Equipment List UFlow Projection

Desired Outcomes:

Value-Add Engineering Assistance to OEM Increase OEM knowledge and comfort with Dow UF product Engage in dialogue for technical questions & further support

DOWTM UF Certificates NSF/ANSI Standard 61

Drinking Water System Components PDWE Certification

USEPA ETV Removal of Microbial Contaminants in Drinking Water

California Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR) California Department Public Health

Title 22 Recycle Criteria Drinking Water LRV

o 4-log Removal of Cryptosporidiumo 4-log Removal of Giardia

DOWTM UF References

Globally more than 800 plants running with DOW Ultrafiltration

Over 3,000,000 m3/day UF capacity Global

Over 85 installations more than 7,500 m3/day capacity

Wide range of Applications: Prefiltration before Desalination Surface Water Treatment Waste Water Treatment Process Water Treatment

DOW UF References

Examples of DOWTM UF Systems Al Ain, UAE (Waste Water Reuse UF/RO) Magong, Taiwan (Seawater UF/RO) Tamar Valley, Tasmania (Surface Water UF/RO/IEX) Borsodchem, Hungary (River Water UF/RO) Ataky, Turkey (Secondary Effluent) Moni, Cyprus (Seawater UF/RO) Yanshan Refinery, China (Waste Water UF/RO) Nikolayev, Ukraine (Bore Well Water UF/RO) Gaojing, China (CTBD Reuse UF/RO/EDI) WangTan, China (Seawater UF/RO) Shuozhou Geruite Power Plant Project (Groundwater) Valencia, Spain (Well Water, UF/RO). Soft Drink, Spain (Well Water UF/RO) Mining, Spain (River Water UF/RO) Madagascar (Surface Water UF) Damietta, Egypt (Surface Water, UF+RO) El Shabab, Egypt (Surface Water, UF+2-pass RO)

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Useful Links about DOW UF

DOWTM Ultrafiltration product Overview, Literature & Manuals:

http://www.dowwaterandprocess.com/products/uf/index.htm

Ultrafiltration Product Video and Fiber Repair Video:

http://www.dowwaterandprocess.com/support_training/videos/index.htm

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