04 lecture presentation

copy 2016 Pearson Education Ltd

PowerPoint LecturesCampbell Biology Concepts amp Connections 8th Edition Global EditionREECE bull TAYLOR bull SIMON bull DICKEY bull HOGAN

Lecture by Edward J Zalisko

Chapter 4 A Tour of the Cell


Introduction

bull Cells have a cytoskeleton thatbull provides support andbull allows some cells to crawl and others to swim

bull Our understanding of nature often goes hand in hand with the invention and refinement of instruments that extend our senses


Introduction

bull In 1665 Hooke examined a piece of cork under a crude microscope and identified ldquolittle roomsrdquo as cells

bull Leeuwenhoek working at about the same time used more refined lenses to describe living cells from blood sperm and pond water

bull Since the days of Hooke and Leeuwenhoek improved microscopes have vastly expanded our view of the cell


Figure 40-1


Figure 40-2

Introduction to the Cell

Chapter 4 Big Ideas

The Nucleus andRibosomes

The EndomembraneSystem

Energy-ConvertingOrganelles

The Cytoskeleton andCell Surfaces


INTRODUCTION TO THE CELL


41 Microscopes reveal the world of the cell

bull A variety of microscopes have been developed for a clearer view of cells and cellular structure

bull The first microscopes were light microscopes In a light microscope (LM) visible light passes through a specimen then through glass lenses and finally is projected into the viewerrsquos eye

bull Specimens can be magnified by up to 1000 times



bull Magnification is the increase in an objectrsquos image size compared with its actual size

bull Resolution is a measure of the clarity of an image In other words it is the ability of an instrument to show two nearby objects as separate



bull Microscopes have limitationsbull The human eye and the microscope have limits of

resolutionmdashthe ability to distinguish between small structures

bull Therefore the light microscope cannot provide the details of a small cellrsquos structure



bull Using light microscopes scientists studiedbull microorganismsbull animal and plant cells andbull some structures within cells

bull In the 1800s these studies led to cell theory which states that

bull all living things are composed of cells andbull all cells come from other cells


Figure 41a


Figure 41b


Figure 41c


Figure 41d


Figure 41e-0

Human heightLength of somenerve and muscle cells

Chicken egg

Frog egg

ParameciumHuman egg

Most plant andanimal cellsNucleusMost bacteriaMitochondrion

Smallest bacteriaViruses

Ribosome

ProteinsLipids

SmallmoleculesAtoms

Una

ided

eye

Ligh

t mic

rosc

ope

Elec

tron

mic

rosc

ope

10 m

1 m

100 mm(10 cm)

10 mm(1 cm)

1 mm

100 nm

10 nm

1 nm

01 nm

100 μm

10 μm

1 μm


Figure 41e-1


Chicken egg

Frog egg

ParameciumHuman eggU

naid

ed e

ye

10 m

1 m

100 mm(10 cm)

10 mm(1 cm)

1 mm

100 μm


Figure 41e-2

Frog egg

ParameciumHuman egg



Ribosome

ProteinsLipids

SmallmoleculesAtoms

Ligh

t mic

rosc

ope

Elec

tron

mic

rosc

ope

1 mm

100 nm

10 nm

1 nm

01 nm

100 μm

10 μm

1 μm



bull Beginning in the 1950s scientists started using a very powerful microscope called the electron microscope (EM) to view the ultrastructure of cells

bull Instead of light EM uses a beam of electronsbull Electron microscopes can

bull resolve biological structures as small as 2 nanometers and

bull magnify up to 100000 times



bull Scanning electron microscopes (SEMs) study the detailed architecture of cell surfaces

bull Transmission electron microscopes (TEMs) study the details of internal cell structure

bull Differential interference light microscopes amplify differences in density so that structures in living cells appear almost three-dimensional


42 The small size of cells relates to the need to exchange materials across the plasma membrane

bull Cell size mustbull be large enough to house DNA proteins and

structures needed to survive and reproduce butbull remain small enough to allow for a surface-to-

volume ratio that will allow adequate exchange with the environment


Figure 42a

Total volume

3

3

1

1

2 6

Total surfaceareaSurface-to-volume ratio

27 units3 27 units3

54 units2 162 units2



bull The plasma membrane forms a flexible boundary between the living cell and its surroundings

bull Phospholipids form a two-layer sheet called a phospholipid bilayer in which

bull hydrophilic heads face outward exposed to water and

bull hydrophobic tails point inward shielded from water



bull Membrane proteins are embedded in the lipid bilayer

bull Some proteins form channels (tunnels) that shield ions and other hydrophilic molecules as they pass through the hydrophobic center of the membrane

bull Other proteins serve as pumps using energy to actively transport molecules into or out of the cell


Figure 42b

Outside cell

Inside cell

HydrophilicheadsHydrophobictails

Phospholipid

Channelprotein

Hydrophilicregions ofa protein

Hydrophobicregions ofa protein


Figure 4UN01


43 Prokaryotic cells are structurally simpler than eukaryotic cells

bull Bacteria and archaea are prokaryotic cellsbull All other forms of life are composed of eukaryotic

cellsbull Eukaryotic cells are distinguished by having

bull a membrane-enclosed nucleus andbull many membrane-enclosed organelles that perform

specific functionsbull Prokaryotic cells are smaller and simpler in

structure



bull Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells havebull a plasma membranebull an interior filled with a thick jellylike fluid called the

cytosol bull one or more chromosomes which carry genes

made of DNA andbull ribosomes tiny structures that make proteins

according to instructions from the genes



bull The inside of both types of cells is called the cytoplasm

bull However in eukaryotic cells this term refers only to the region between the nucleus and the plasma membrane



bull In a prokaryotic cellbull the DNA is coiled into a region called the nucleoid

(nucleus-like) andbull no membrane surrounds the DNA



bull Outside the plasma membrane of most prokaryotes is a fairly rigid chemically complex cell wall which

bull protects the cell andbull helps maintain its shape

bull Some prokaryotes have surface projectionsbull Short projections help attach prokaryotes to each

other or their substratebull Longer projections called flagella (singular flagellum) propel a prokaryotic cell through its liquid environment


Figure 43-0

Fimbriae

Ribosomes

Nucleoid

PlasmamembraneCell wall

CapsuleBacterialchromosome

A typical rod-shapedbacterium

A colorized TEM of thebacterium Escherichia coli

Flagella


Figure 43-1Fimbriae

Ribosomes

Nucleoid



A typical rod-shapedbacterium Flagella


Figure 43-2



44 Eukaryotic cells are partitioned into functional compartments

bull A eukaryotic cell containsbull a membrane-enclosed nucleus andbull various other organelles (ldquolittle organsrdquo) which

perform specific functions in the cell



bull The structures and organelles of eukaryotic cells perform four basic functions

1 The nucleus and ribosomes are involved in the genetic control of the cell

2 The endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus lysosomes vacuoles and peroxisomes are involved in the manufacture distribution and breakdown of molecules



3 Mitochondria in all cells and chloroplasts in plant cells are involved in energy processing

4 Structural support movement and communication between cells are functions of the cytoskeleton plasma membrane and cell wall



bull The internal membranes of eukaryotic cells partition it into compartments

bull Cellular metabolism the many chemical activities of cells occurs within organelles



bull Almost all of the organelles and other structures of animals cells are present in plant cells

bull A few exceptions existbull Lysosomes and centrosomes containing centrioles

are not found in plant cellsbull Only the sperm cells of a few plant species have

flagella



bull Plant but not animal cells havebull a rigid cell wall that contains cellulosebull plasmodesmata cytoplasmic channels through cell

walls that connect adjacent cellsbull chloroplasts where photosynthesis occurs andbull a central vacuole a compartment that stores water

and a variety of chemicals


Figure 44a

Roughendoplasmicreticulum

Smoothendoplasmicreticulum

Golgi apparatus

LysosomeMitochondrion

Centrosomewith pair ofcentrioles

Plasmamembrane

Peroxisome

Intermediatefilament

MicrofilamentMicrotubule

CYTOSKELETON

NUCLEUSNuclear envelopeNucleolusChromatin

Ribosomes


Figure 44b




Ribosomes

Plasmamembrane

Peroxisome

Mitochondrion


CYTOSKELETON

Cell wall ofadjacent cell Golgi

apparatus

PlasmodesmaCell wall

Chloroplast

Centralvacuole


THE NUCLEUS AND RIBOSOMES


45 The nucleus contains the cellrsquos genetic instructions

bull The nucleusbull contains most of the cellrsquos DNA andbull controls the cellrsquos activities by directing protein

synthesis by making messenger RNA (mRNA)

bull DNA is associated with many proteins and is organized into structures called chromosomes

bull When a cell is not dividing this complex of proteins and DNA called chromatin appears as a diffuse mass within the nucleus



bull The double membrane nuclear envelope has pores that

bull regulate the entry and exit of large molecules and bull connect with the cellrsquos network of membranes

called the endoplasmic reticulum



bull The nucleolus isbull a prominent structure in the nucleus andbull the site of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis


Figure 45

NucleolusNuclearenvelope

Endoplasmicreticulum

Ribosome

Pore Chromatin


46 Ribosomes make proteins for use in the cell and export

bull Ribosomes are involved in the cellrsquos protein synthesis

bull Ribosomes are the cellular components that use instructions from the nucleus written in mRNA to build proteins

bull Cells that make a lot of proteins have a large number of ribosomes



bull Some ribosomes are free ribosomes others are bound

bull Free ribosomes are suspended in the cytosolbull Bound ribosomes are attached to the outside of the

endoplasmic reticulum or nuclear envelope


Figure 46

Rough ER

Bound ribosomeEndoplasmicreticulum

Protein

Ribosome

Free ribosomemRNA


THE ENDOMEMBRANE SYSTEM


47 Many organelles are connected in the endomembrane system

bull Many of the membranes within a eukaryotic cell are part of the endomembrane system

bull Some of these membranes are physically connected and others are linked when tiny vesicles (sacs made of membrane) transfer membrane segments between them



bull Many of these organelles interact in thebull synthesisbull distributionbull storage andbull export of molecules



bull The endomembrane system includes thebull nuclear envelopebull endoplasmic reticulum (ER)bull Golgi apparatusbull lysosomesbull vacuoles andbull plasma membrane



bull The largest component of the endomembrane system is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) an extensive network of flattened sacs and tubules


48 The endoplasmic reticulum is a biosynthetic workshop

bull There are two kinds of endoplasmic reticulum which differ in structure and function

1 Smooth ER lacks attached ribosomes2 Rough ER has bound ribosomes that stud the

outer surface of the membrane


Figure 48a

Rough ER

Smooth ER

Ribosomes

Rough ERSmooth ER


Figure 48b

mRNA

1

2

3

4

Bound ribosome

Transport vesiclebuds off

Secretoryproteininside trans-port vesicle

Sugar chain

Rough ER

GlycoproteinGrowingpolypeptide



bull Smooth ER is involved in a variety of metabolic processes including

bull the production of enzymes important in the synthesis of lipids oils phospholipids and steroids

bull the production of enzymes that help process drugs alcohol and other potentially harmful substances and

bull the storage of calcium ions



bull Rough ER makesbull additional membrane for itself andbull secretory proteins


49 The Golgi apparatus modifies sorts and ships cell products

bull The Golgi apparatus serves as a molecular warehouse and processing station for products manufactured by the ER

bull Products travel in transport vesicles from the ER to the Golgi apparatus

bull One side of the Golgi stack serves as a receiving dock for transport vesicles produced by the ER



bull Products of the ER are modified as a Golgi sac progresses through the stack

bull The ldquoshippingrdquo side of the Golgi functions as a depot where products in vesicles bud off and travel to other sites

copy 2012 Pearson Education Inc


Figure 49

Golgi apparatus

1

2

3

4

ldquoReceivingrdquo side of Golgi apparatusTransport vesiclefrom the ER

Transportvesicle fromthe Golgi

ldquoShippingrdquo side of Golgi apparatus


410 Lysosomes are digestive compartments within a cell

bull A lysosome is a membrane-enclosed sac of digestive enzymes

bull made by rough ER andbull processed in the Golgi apparatus



bull Lysosomesbull fuse with food vacuoles and digest foodbull destroy bacteria engulfed by white blood cells orbull fuse with other vesicles containing damaged

organelles or other materials to be recycled within a cell


Animation Lysosome Formation

>


Figure 410a-1

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-2

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-3

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-4

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane

Digestion


Figure 410b-1

Lysosome

Vesicle containingdamaged mitochondrion


Figure 410b-2

Lysosome



Figure 410b-3

Lysosome

DigestionVesicle containingdamaged mitochondrion


411 Vacuoles function in the general maintenance of the cell

bull Vacuoles are large vesicles that have a variety of functions

bull Some protists have contractile vacuoles which help to eliminate water from the protist

bull In plants vacuoles maybull have digestive functionsbull contain pigments orbull contain poisons that protect the plant


Video Paramecium Vacuole

>


Figure 411a

Contractilevacuoles

Nucleus


Figure 411b

Central vacuole

Chloroplast

Nucleus


412 A review of the structures involved in manufacturing and breakdown

bull The following figure summarizes the relationships among the major organelles of the endomembrane system


Figure 412

Nucleus

Smooth ER

Rough ER

Transport vesicle

Lysosome

Nuclear envelope

Golgi apparatus

Plasmamembrane

Transportvesicle



bull Peroxisomes are metabolic compartments that do not originate from the endomembrane system

bull How they are related to other organelles is still unknown

bull Some peroxisomes break down fatty acids to be used as cellular fuel


ENERGY-CONVERTING ORGANELLES


413 Mitochondria harvest chemical energy from food

bull Mitochondria are organelles that carry out cellular respiration in nearly all eukaryotic cells

bull Cellular respiration converts the chemical energy in foods to chemical energy in ATP (adenosine triphosphate)



bull Mitochondria have two internal compartments1 The intermembrane space is the narrow region

between the inner and outer membranes2 The mitochondrial matrix contains

bull the mitochondrial DNAbull ribosomes andbull many enzymes that catalyze some of the reactions

of cellular respiration



bull Folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane called cristae increase the membranersquos surface area enhancing the mitochondrionrsquos ability to produce ATP


Figure 413

Mitochondrion

Intermembranespace

Outermembrane

Innermembrane

CristaMatrix


414 Chloroplasts convert solar energy to chemical energy

bull Photosynthesis is the conversion of light energy from the sun to the chemical energy of sugar molecules

bull Chloroplasts are the photosynthesizing organelles of plants and algae



bull Chloroplasts are partitioned into compartmentsbull Between the outer and inner membrane is a thin

intermembrane spacebull Inside the inner membrane is a thick fluid called

stroma which contains the chloroplast DNA ribosomes many enzymes and a network of interconnected sacs called thylakoids where green chlorophyll molecules trap solar energy

bull In some regions thylakoids are stacked like poker chips Each stack is called a granum


Figure 414

Chloroplast

Granum

Stroma

Inner andouter membranes

Thylakoid


415 EVOLUTION CONNECTION Mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved by endosymbiosis

bull Mitochondria and chloroplasts containbull DNA andbull ribosomes

bull The structure of this DNA and these ribosomes is very similar to that found in prokaryotic cells



bull The endosymbiont theory states thatbull mitochondria and chloroplasts were formerly small

prokaryotes andbull they began living within larger cells


Figure 415Endoplasmicreticulum

Nucleus

Ancestor ofeukaryotic cells (host cell)

Mitochondrion

Engulfing ofphotosyntheticprokaryote

Mitochondrion

Photosynthetic eukaryote

Chloroplast

Nonphotosynthetic eukaryote

At leastone cell

Engulfing of oxygen-using prokaryote


Figure 415-1Endoplasmicreticulum

Nucleus




Nucleus


Mitochondrion





Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell



THE CYTOSKELETON ANDCELL SURFACES


416 The cellrsquos internal skeleton helps organize its structure and activities

bull Cells contain a network of protein fibers called the cytoskeleton which organize the structures and activities of the cell


Video Cytoplasmic Streaming

>



bull Microtubules (made of tubulin)bull shape and support the cell andbull act as tracks along which organelles equipped with

motor proteins move

bull In animal cells microtubules grow out from a region near the nucleus called the centrosome which contains a pair of centrioles each composed of a ring of microtubules



bull Intermediate filamentsbull are found in the cells of most animalsbull reinforce cell shape and anchor some organelles

andbull are often more permanent fixtures in the cell



bull Microfilaments (actin filaments)bull support the cellrsquos shape andbull are involved in motility


Figure 416-0

Nucleus

Nucleus

Microtubule

25 nmIntermediate filament

10 nm

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-1

Nucleus

Microtubule

25 nm


Figure 416-2

Nucleus

Intermediate filament

10 nm


Figure 416-3

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-4

Nucleus


Figure 416-5

Nucleus


Figure 416-6


417 SCIENTIFIC THINKING Scientists discovered the cytoskeleton using the tools of biochemistry and microscopy

bull In the 1940s biochemists first isolated and identified the proteins actin and myosin from muscle cells

bull In 1954 scientists using newly developed techniques of microscopy established how filaments of actin and myosin interact in muscle contraction

bull In the next decade researchers identified actin filaments in all types of cells



bull In the 1970s scientists were able to visualize actin filaments using fluorescent tags and in living cells

bull In the 1980s biologists were able to record the changing architecture of the cytoskeleton


Figure 417


418 Cilia and flagella move when microtubules bend

bull The short numerous appendages that propel protists such as Paramecium are called cilia (singular cilium)

bull Other protists may move using flagella which are longer than cilia and usually limited to one or a few per cell

bull Some cells of multicellular organisms also have cilia or flagella


Video Paramecium Cilia

>


Video Chlamydomonas

>


Figure 418a

Cilia


Figure 418b

Flagellum



bull A flagellum longer than cilia propels a cell by an undulating whiplike motion

bull Cilia work more like the oars of a boatbull Although differences exist flagella and cilia have a

common structure and mechanism of movement



bull Both flagella and cilia are composed of microtubules wrapped in an extension of the plasma membrane

bull In nearly all eukaryotic cilia and flagella a ring of nine microtubule doublets surrounds a central pair of microtubules

bull This arrangement is called the 9 2 patternbull The microtubule assembly is anchored in a basal

body with nine microtubule triplets arranged in a ring


Animation Cilia and Flagella

>


Figure 418c-0

Outermicrotubuledoublet

Central microtubules

Cross-linkingproteinsMotor proteins(dyneins)

Plasma membrane


Figure 418c-1





Figure 418c-2




Plasma membrane



bull Cilia and flagella move by bending motor proteins called dynein feet

bull These feet attach to and exert a sliding force on an adjacent doublet

bull This ldquowalkingrdquo causes the microtubules to bend


419 The extracellular matrix of animal cells functions in support and regulation

bull Animal cells synthesize and secrete an elaborate extracellular matrix (ECM) which

bull helps hold cells together in tissues andbull protects and supports the plasma membrane



bull The ECM may attach to the cell through other glycoproteins that then bind to membrane proteins called integrins

bull Integrinsbull span the membrane andbull attach on the other side to proteins connected to

microfilaments of the cytoskeleton


Figure 419

Collagen fiber

EXTRACELLULAR FLUID

CYTOPLASM

Glycoproteincomplex with longpolysaccharide

Connectingglycoprotein

Integrin

Plasmamembrane

Microfilamentsof cytoskeleton


420 Three types of cell junctions are found in animal tissues

bull Adjacent cells adhere interact and communicate through specialized junctions between them

bull Tight junctions prevent leakage of fluid across a layer of epithelial cells

bull Anchoring junctions fasten cells together into sheets

bull Gap junctions are channels that allow small molecules to flow through protein-lined pores between cells


Animation Desmosomes

>


Animation Gap Junctions

>


Animation Tight Junctions

>


Figure 420

Tight junction

Anchoringjunction

Gap junction

Plasma membranesof adjacent cells

Ions or small molecules Extracellular matrix

Tight junctionsprevent fluid frommoving across alayer of cells


421 Cell walls enclose and support plant cells

bull A plant cell but not an animal cell has a rigid cell wall that

bull protects and provides skeletal support that helps keep the plant upright and

bull is primarily composed of cellulose

bull Plant cells have cell junctions called plasmodesmata that allow plants tissues to share

bull waterbull nourishment andbull chemical messages


Figure 421

Vacuole

Plant cellwalls

Plasmodesmata

Primary cell wallSecondary cell wallPlasma membrane

Cytosol


422 Review Eukaryotic cell structures can be grouped on the basis of four main functions

bull Eukaryotic cell structures can be grouped on the basis of four functions

1 genetic control2 manufacturing distribution and breakdown of

materials3 energy processing and4 structural support movement and intercellular

communication


Table 4-22-0


Table 4-22-1


Table 4-22-2


You should now be able to

1 Describe the importance of microscopes in understanding cell structure and function

2 Describe the two parts of cell theory3 Distinguish between the structures of prokaryotic

and eukaryotic cells4 Explain how cell size is limited5 Describe the structure and functions of cell

membranes



6 Explain why compartmentalization is important in eukaryotic cells

7 Compare the structures of plant and animal cells Note the function of each cell part

8 Compare the structures and functions of chloroplasts and mitochondria

9 Describe the evidence that suggests that mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved by endosymbiosis



10 Compare the structures and functions of microfilaments intermediate filaments and microtubules

11 Relate the structure of cilia and flagella to their functions

12 Relate the structure of the extracellular matrix to its functions

13 Compare the structures and functions of tight junctions anchoring junctions and gap junctions



14 Relate the structures of plant cell walls and plasmodesmata to their functions

15 Describe the four functional categories of organelles in eukaryotic cells


Table 4-1


Figure 4UN02


Figure 4UN03

a bc

d

e

f

g

h

i

jk

l


Figure 4UN04-0

Poles of dividing cell

Mark


Figure 4UN04-1


Mark


Figure 4UN04-2

Slide 1

Introduction

Introduction (2)

Figure 40-1

Figure 40-2

Slide 6


41 Microscopes reveal the world of the cell (2)



Figure 41a

Figure 41b

Figure 41c

Figure 41d

Figure 41e-0

Figure 41e-1

Figure 41e-2



42 The small size of cells relates to the need to exchange mat

Figure 42a

42 The small size of cells relates to the need to exchange mat (2)


Figure 42b

Figure 4UN01

43 Prokaryotic cells are structurally simpler than eukaryotic

43 Prokaryotic cells are structurally simpler than eukaryotic (2)




Figure 43-0

Figure 43-1

Figure 43-2

44 Eukaryotic cells are partitioned into functional compartmen

44 Eukaryotic cells are partitioned into functional compartmen (2)





Figure 44a

Figure 44b

Slide 42


45 The nucleus contains the cellrsquos genetic instructions (2)


Figure 45


46 Ribosomes make proteins for use in the cell and export (2)

Figure 46

Slide 50


47 Many organelles are connected in the endomembrane system (2)




Figure 48a

Figure 48b

48 The endoplasmic reticulum is a biosynthetic workshop (2)


49 The Golgi apparatus modifies sorts and ships cell product

49 The Golgi apparatus modifies sorts and ships cell product (2)

Figure 49


410 Lysosomes are digestive compartments within a cell (2)


Figure 410a-1

Figure 410a-2

Figure 410a-3

Figure 410a-4

Figure 410b-1

Figure 410b-2

Figure 410b-3



Figure 411a

Figure 411b

412 A review of the structures involved in manufacturing and b

Figure 412

412 A review of the structures involved in manufacturing and b (2)

Slide 80


413 Mitochondria harvest chemical energy from food (2)


Figure 413


414 Chloroplasts convert solar energy to chemical energy (2)

Figure 414

415 EVOLUTION CONNECTION Mitochondria and chloroplasts evolve

415 EVOLUTION CONNECTION Mitochondria and chloroplasts evolve (2)

Figure 415

Figure 415-1

Figure 415-2

Figure 415-3

Slide 94

416 The cellrsquos internal skeleton helps organize its structure


416 The cellrsquos internal skeleton helps organize its structure (2)



Figure 416-0

Figure 416-1

Figure 416-2

Figure 416-3

Figure 416-4

Figure 416-5

Figure 416-6

417 SCIENTIFIC THINKING Scientists discovered the cytoskeleto

417 SCIENTIFIC THINKING Scientists discovered the cytoskeleto (2)

Figure 417



Video Chlamydomonas

Figure 418a

Figure 418b

418 Cilia and flagella move when microtubules bend (2)



Figure 418c-0

Figure 418c-1

Figure 418c-2


419 The extracellular matrix of animal cells functions in supp

419 The extracellular matrix of animal cells functions in supp (2)

Figure 419





Figure 420


Figure 421

422 Review Eukaryotic cell structures can be grouped on the b

Table 4-22-0

Table 4-22-1

Table 4-22-2


You should now be able to (2)



Table 4-1

Figure 4UN02

Figure 4UN03

Figure 4UN04-0

Figure 4UN04-1

Figure 4UN04-2


Introduction

bull Cells have a cytoskeleton thatbull provides support andbull allows some cells to crawl and others to swim

bull Our understanding of nature often goes hand in hand with the invention and refinement of instruments that extend our senses


Introduction





Figure 40-1


Figure 40-2


Chapter 4 Big Ideas



























Figure 41a


Figure 41b


Figure 41c


Figure 41d


Figure 41e-0


Chicken egg

Frog egg

ParameciumHuman egg



Ribosome

ProteinsLipids

SmallmoleculesAtoms

Una

ided

eye

Ligh

t mic

rosc

ope

Elec

tron

mic

rosc

ope

10 m

1 m

100 mm(10 cm)

10 mm(1 cm)

1 mm

100 nm

10 nm

1 nm

01 nm

100 μm

10 μm

1 μm


Figure 41e-1


Chicken egg

Frog egg


naid

ed e

ye

10 m

1 m

100 mm(10 cm)

10 mm(1 cm)

1 mm

100 μm


Figure 41e-2

Frog egg

ParameciumHuman egg



Ribosome

ProteinsLipids

SmallmoleculesAtoms

Ligh

t mic

rosc

ope

Elec

tron

mic

rosc

ope

1 mm

100 nm

10 nm

1 nm

01 nm

100 μm

10 μm

1 μm


















Figure 42a

Total volume

3

3

1

1

2 6


27 units3 27 units3














Figure 42b

Outside cell

Inside cell


Phospholipid

Channelprotein




Figure 4UN01







structure






















Figure 43-0

Fimbriae

Ribosomes

Nucleoid





Flagella


Figure 43-1Fimbriae

Ribosomes

Nucleoid





Figure 43-2
























flagella







Figure 44a



Golgi apparatus



Plasmamembrane

Peroxisome



CYTOSKELETON


Ribosomes


Figure 44b




Ribosomes

Plasmamembrane

Peroxisome

Mitochondrion


CYTOSKELETON


apparatus


Chloroplast

Centralvacuole


















Figure 45



Ribosome

Pore Chromatin












Figure 46

Rough ER


Protein

Ribosome

Free ribosomemRNA






















Figure 48a

Rough ER

Smooth ER

Ribosomes

Rough ERSmooth ER


Figure 48b

mRNA

1

2

3

4

Bound ribosome



Sugar chain

Rough ER






















Figure 49

Golgi apparatus

1

2

3

4














>


Figure 410a-1

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-2

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-3

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-4

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane

Digestion


Figure 410b-1

Lysosome



Figure 410b-2

Lysosome



Figure 410b-3

Lysosome









>


Figure 411a

Contractilevacuoles

Nucleus


Figure 411b

Central vacuole

Chloroplast

Nucleus





Figure 412

Nucleus

Smooth ER

Rough ER

Transport vesicle

Lysosome

Nuclear envelope

Golgi apparatus

Plasmamembrane

Transportvesicle






















Figure 413

Mitochondrion

Intermembranespace

Outermembrane

Innermembrane

CristaMatrix












Figure 414

Chloroplast

Granum

Stroma


Thylakoid











Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell




Nucleus




Nucleus


Mitochondrion





Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell









>




motor proteins move










Figure 416-0

Nucleus

Nucleus

Microtubule


10 nm

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-1

Nucleus

Microtubule

25 nm


Figure 416-2

Nucleus


10 nm


Figure 416-3

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-4

Nucleus


Figure 416-5

Nucleus


Figure 416-6











Figure 417








>


Video Chlamydomonas

>


Figure 418a

Cilia


Figure 418b

Flagellum














>


Figure 418c-0




Plasma membrane


Figure 418c-1





Figure 418c-2




Plasma membrane
















Figure 419

Collagen fiber

EXTRACELLULAR FLUID

CYTOPLASM



Integrin

Plasmamembrane










>



>



>


Figure 420

Tight junction

Anchoringjunction

Gap junction












Figure 421

Vacuole

Plant cellwalls

Plasmodesmata


Cytosol






communication


Table 4-22-0


Table 4-22-1


Table 4-22-2






membranes


















Table 4-1


Figure 4UN02


Figure 4UN03

a bc

d

e

f

g

h

i

jk

l


Figure 4UN04-0


Mark


Figure 4UN04-1


Mark


Figure 4UN04-2

Slide 1

Introduction

Introduction (2)

Figure 40-1

Figure 40-2

Slide 6





Figure 41a

Figure 41b

Figure 41c

Figure 41d

Figure 41e-0

Figure 41e-1

Figure 41e-2




Figure 42a



Figure 42b

Figure 4UN01






Figure 43-0

Figure 43-1

Figure 43-2







Figure 44a

Figure 44b

Slide 42




Figure 45



Figure 46

Slide 50






Figure 48a

Figure 48b





Figure 49




Figure 410a-1

Figure 410a-2

Figure 410a-3

Figure 410a-4

Figure 410b-1

Figure 410b-2

Figure 410b-3



Figure 411a

Figure 411b


Figure 412


Slide 80




Figure 413



Figure 414



Figure 415

Figure 415-1

Figure 415-2

Figure 415-3

Slide 94






Figure 416-0

Figure 416-1

Figure 416-2

Figure 416-3

Figure 416-4

Figure 416-5

Figure 416-6



Figure 417



Video Chlamydomonas

Figure 418a

Figure 418b




Figure 418c-0

Figure 418c-1

Figure 418c-2




Figure 419





Figure 420


Figure 421


Table 4-22-0

Table 4-22-1

Table 4-22-2





Table 4-1

Figure 4UN02

Figure 4UN03

Figure 4UN04-0

Figure 4UN04-1

Figure 4UN04-2


Introduction





Figure 40-1


Figure 40-2


Chapter 4 Big Ideas



























Figure 41a


Figure 41b


Figure 41c


Figure 41d


Figure 41e-0


Chicken egg

Frog egg

ParameciumHuman egg



Ribosome

ProteinsLipids

SmallmoleculesAtoms

Una

ided

eye

Ligh

t mic

rosc

ope

Elec

tron

mic

rosc

ope

10 m

1 m

100 mm(10 cm)

10 mm(1 cm)

1 mm

100 nm

10 nm

1 nm

01 nm

100 μm

10 μm

1 μm


Figure 41e-1


Chicken egg

Frog egg


naid

ed e

ye

10 m

1 m

100 mm(10 cm)

10 mm(1 cm)

1 mm

100 μm


Figure 41e-2

Frog egg

ParameciumHuman egg



Ribosome

ProteinsLipids

SmallmoleculesAtoms

Ligh

t mic

rosc

ope

Elec

tron

mic

rosc

ope

1 mm

100 nm

10 nm

1 nm

01 nm

100 μm

10 μm

1 μm


















Figure 42a

Total volume

3

3

1

1

2 6


27 units3 27 units3














Figure 42b

Outside cell

Inside cell


Phospholipid

Channelprotein




Figure 4UN01







structure






















Figure 43-0

Fimbriae

Ribosomes

Nucleoid





Flagella


Figure 43-1Fimbriae

Ribosomes

Nucleoid





Figure 43-2
























flagella







Figure 44a



Golgi apparatus



Plasmamembrane

Peroxisome



CYTOSKELETON


Ribosomes


Figure 44b




Ribosomes

Plasmamembrane

Peroxisome

Mitochondrion


CYTOSKELETON


apparatus


Chloroplast

Centralvacuole


















Figure 45



Ribosome

Pore Chromatin












Figure 46

Rough ER


Protein

Ribosome

Free ribosomemRNA






















Figure 48a

Rough ER

Smooth ER

Ribosomes

Rough ERSmooth ER


Figure 48b

mRNA

1

2

3

4

Bound ribosome



Sugar chain

Rough ER






















Figure 49

Golgi apparatus

1

2

3

4














>


Figure 410a-1

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-2

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-3

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-4

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane

Digestion


Figure 410b-1

Lysosome



Figure 410b-2

Lysosome



Figure 410b-3

Lysosome









>


Figure 411a

Contractilevacuoles

Nucleus


Figure 411b

Central vacuole

Chloroplast

Nucleus





Figure 412

Nucleus

Smooth ER

Rough ER

Transport vesicle

Lysosome

Nuclear envelope

Golgi apparatus

Plasmamembrane

Transportvesicle






















Figure 413

Mitochondrion

Intermembranespace

Outermembrane

Innermembrane

CristaMatrix












Figure 414

Chloroplast

Granum

Stroma


Thylakoid











Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell




Nucleus




Nucleus


Mitochondrion





Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell









>




motor proteins move










Figure 416-0

Nucleus

Nucleus

Microtubule


10 nm

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-1

Nucleus

Microtubule

25 nm


Figure 416-2

Nucleus


10 nm


Figure 416-3

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-4

Nucleus


Figure 416-5

Nucleus


Figure 416-6











Figure 417








>


Video Chlamydomonas

>


Figure 418a

Cilia


Figure 418b

Flagellum














>


Figure 418c-0




Plasma membrane


Figure 418c-1





Figure 418c-2




Plasma membrane
















Figure 419

Collagen fiber

EXTRACELLULAR FLUID

CYTOPLASM



Integrin

Plasmamembrane










>



>



>


Figure 420

Tight junction

Anchoringjunction

Gap junction












Figure 421

Vacuole

Plant cellwalls

Plasmodesmata


Cytosol






communication


Table 4-22-0


Table 4-22-1


Table 4-22-2






membranes


















Table 4-1


Figure 4UN02


Figure 4UN03

a bc

d

e

f

g

h

i

jk

l


Figure 4UN04-0


Mark


Figure 4UN04-1


Mark


Figure 4UN04-2

Slide 1

Introduction

Introduction (2)

Figure 40-1

Figure 40-2

Slide 6





Figure 41a

Figure 41b

Figure 41c

Figure 41d

Figure 41e-0

Figure 41e-1

Figure 41e-2




Figure 42a



Figure 42b

Figure 4UN01






Figure 43-0

Figure 43-1

Figure 43-2







Figure 44a

Figure 44b

Slide 42




Figure 45



Figure 46

Slide 50






Figure 48a

Figure 48b





Figure 49




Figure 410a-1

Figure 410a-2

Figure 410a-3

Figure 410a-4

Figure 410b-1

Figure 410b-2

Figure 410b-3



Figure 411a

Figure 411b


Figure 412


Slide 80




Figure 413



Figure 414



Figure 415

Figure 415-1

Figure 415-2

Figure 415-3

Slide 94






Figure 416-0

Figure 416-1

Figure 416-2

Figure 416-3

Figure 416-4

Figure 416-5

Figure 416-6



Figure 417



Video Chlamydomonas

Figure 418a

Figure 418b




Figure 418c-0

Figure 418c-1

Figure 418c-2




Figure 419





Figure 420


Figure 421


Table 4-22-0

Table 4-22-1

Table 4-22-2





Table 4-1

Figure 4UN02

Figure 4UN03

Figure 4UN04-0

Figure 4UN04-1

Figure 4UN04-2


Figure 40-1


Figure 40-2


Chapter 4 Big Ideas



























Figure 41a


Figure 41b


Figure 41c


Figure 41d


Figure 41e-0


Chicken egg

Frog egg

ParameciumHuman egg



Ribosome

ProteinsLipids

SmallmoleculesAtoms

Una

ided

eye

Ligh

t mic

rosc

ope

Elec

tron

mic

rosc

ope

10 m

1 m

100 mm(10 cm)

10 mm(1 cm)

1 mm

100 nm

10 nm

1 nm

01 nm

100 μm

10 μm

1 μm


Figure 41e-1


Chicken egg

Frog egg


naid

ed e

ye

10 m

1 m

100 mm(10 cm)

10 mm(1 cm)

1 mm

100 μm


Figure 41e-2

Frog egg

ParameciumHuman egg



Ribosome

ProteinsLipids

SmallmoleculesAtoms

Ligh

t mic

rosc

ope

Elec

tron

mic

rosc

ope

1 mm

100 nm

10 nm

1 nm

01 nm

100 μm

10 μm

1 μm


















Figure 42a

Total volume

3

3

1

1

2 6


27 units3 27 units3














Figure 42b

Outside cell

Inside cell


Phospholipid

Channelprotein




Figure 4UN01







structure






















Figure 43-0

Fimbriae

Ribosomes

Nucleoid





Flagella


Figure 43-1Fimbriae

Ribosomes

Nucleoid





Figure 43-2
























flagella







Figure 44a



Golgi apparatus



Plasmamembrane

Peroxisome



CYTOSKELETON


Ribosomes


Figure 44b




Ribosomes

Plasmamembrane

Peroxisome

Mitochondrion


CYTOSKELETON


apparatus


Chloroplast

Centralvacuole


















Figure 45



Ribosome

Pore Chromatin












Figure 46

Rough ER


Protein

Ribosome

Free ribosomemRNA






















Figure 48a

Rough ER

Smooth ER

Ribosomes

Rough ERSmooth ER


Figure 48b

mRNA

1

2

3

4

Bound ribosome



Sugar chain

Rough ER






















Figure 49

Golgi apparatus

1

2

3

4














>


Figure 410a-1

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-2

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-3

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-4

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane

Digestion


Figure 410b-1

Lysosome



Figure 410b-2

Lysosome



Figure 410b-3

Lysosome









>


Figure 411a

Contractilevacuoles

Nucleus


Figure 411b

Central vacuole

Chloroplast

Nucleus





Figure 412

Nucleus

Smooth ER

Rough ER

Transport vesicle

Lysosome

Nuclear envelope

Golgi apparatus

Plasmamembrane

Transportvesicle






















Figure 413

Mitochondrion

Intermembranespace

Outermembrane

Innermembrane

CristaMatrix












Figure 414

Chloroplast

Granum

Stroma


Thylakoid











Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell




Nucleus




Nucleus


Mitochondrion





Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell









>




motor proteins move










Figure 416-0

Nucleus

Nucleus

Microtubule


10 nm

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-1

Nucleus

Microtubule

25 nm


Figure 416-2

Nucleus


10 nm


Figure 416-3

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-4

Nucleus


Figure 416-5

Nucleus


Figure 416-6











Figure 417








>


Video Chlamydomonas

>


Figure 418a

Cilia


Figure 418b

Flagellum














>


Figure 418c-0




Plasma membrane


Figure 418c-1





Figure 418c-2




Plasma membrane
















Figure 419

Collagen fiber

EXTRACELLULAR FLUID

CYTOPLASM



Integrin

Plasmamembrane










>



>



>


Figure 420

Tight junction

Anchoringjunction

Gap junction












Figure 421

Vacuole

Plant cellwalls

Plasmodesmata


Cytosol






communication


Table 4-22-0


Table 4-22-1


Table 4-22-2






membranes


















Table 4-1


Figure 4UN02


Figure 4UN03

a bc

d

e

f

g

h

i

jk

l


Figure 4UN04-0


Mark


Figure 4UN04-1


Mark


Figure 4UN04-2

Slide 1

Introduction

Introduction (2)

Figure 40-1

Figure 40-2

Slide 6





Figure 41a

Figure 41b

Figure 41c

Figure 41d

Figure 41e-0

Figure 41e-1

Figure 41e-2




Figure 42a



Figure 42b

Figure 4UN01






Figure 43-0

Figure 43-1

Figure 43-2







Figure 44a

Figure 44b

Slide 42




Figure 45



Figure 46

Slide 50






Figure 48a

Figure 48b





Figure 49




Figure 410a-1

Figure 410a-2

Figure 410a-3

Figure 410a-4

Figure 410b-1

Figure 410b-2

Figure 410b-3



Figure 411a

Figure 411b


Figure 412


Slide 80




Figure 413



Figure 414



Figure 415

Figure 415-1

Figure 415-2

Figure 415-3

Slide 94






Figure 416-0

Figure 416-1

Figure 416-2

Figure 416-3

Figure 416-4

Figure 416-5

Figure 416-6



Figure 417



Video Chlamydomonas

Figure 418a

Figure 418b




Figure 418c-0

Figure 418c-1

Figure 418c-2




Figure 419





Figure 420


Figure 421


Table 4-22-0

Table 4-22-1

Table 4-22-2





Table 4-1

Figure 4UN02

Figure 4UN03

Figure 4UN04-0

Figure 4UN04-1

Figure 4UN04-2


Figure 40-2


Chapter 4 Big Ideas



























Figure 41a


Figure 41b


Figure 41c


Figure 41d


Figure 41e-0


Chicken egg

Frog egg

ParameciumHuman egg



Ribosome

ProteinsLipids

SmallmoleculesAtoms

Una

ided

eye

Ligh

t mic

rosc

ope

Elec

tron

mic

rosc

ope

10 m

1 m

100 mm(10 cm)

10 mm(1 cm)

1 mm

100 nm

10 nm

1 nm

01 nm

100 μm

10 μm

1 μm


Figure 41e-1


Chicken egg

Frog egg


naid

ed e

ye

10 m

1 m

100 mm(10 cm)

10 mm(1 cm)

1 mm

100 μm


Figure 41e-2

Frog egg

ParameciumHuman egg



Ribosome

ProteinsLipids

SmallmoleculesAtoms

Ligh

t mic

rosc

ope

Elec

tron

mic

rosc

ope

1 mm

100 nm

10 nm

1 nm

01 nm

100 μm

10 μm

1 μm


















Figure 42a

Total volume

3

3

1

1

2 6


27 units3 27 units3














Figure 42b

Outside cell

Inside cell


Phospholipid

Channelprotein




Figure 4UN01







structure






















Figure 43-0

Fimbriae

Ribosomes

Nucleoid





Flagella


Figure 43-1Fimbriae

Ribosomes

Nucleoid





Figure 43-2
























flagella







Figure 44a



Golgi apparatus



Plasmamembrane

Peroxisome



CYTOSKELETON


Ribosomes


Figure 44b




Ribosomes

Plasmamembrane

Peroxisome

Mitochondrion


CYTOSKELETON


apparatus


Chloroplast

Centralvacuole


















Figure 45



Ribosome

Pore Chromatin












Figure 46

Rough ER


Protein

Ribosome

Free ribosomemRNA






















Figure 48a

Rough ER

Smooth ER

Ribosomes

Rough ERSmooth ER


Figure 48b

mRNA

1

2

3

4

Bound ribosome



Sugar chain

Rough ER






















Figure 49

Golgi apparatus

1

2

3

4














>


Figure 410a-1

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-2

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-3

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-4

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane

Digestion


Figure 410b-1

Lysosome



Figure 410b-2

Lysosome



Figure 410b-3

Lysosome









>


Figure 411a

Contractilevacuoles

Nucleus


Figure 411b

Central vacuole

Chloroplast

Nucleus





Figure 412

Nucleus

Smooth ER

Rough ER

Transport vesicle

Lysosome

Nuclear envelope

Golgi apparatus

Plasmamembrane

Transportvesicle






















Figure 413

Mitochondrion

Intermembranespace

Outermembrane

Innermembrane

CristaMatrix












Figure 414

Chloroplast

Granum

Stroma


Thylakoid











Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell




Nucleus




Nucleus


Mitochondrion





Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell









>




motor proteins move










Figure 416-0

Nucleus

Nucleus

Microtubule


10 nm

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-1

Nucleus

Microtubule

25 nm


Figure 416-2

Nucleus


10 nm


Figure 416-3

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-4

Nucleus


Figure 416-5

Nucleus


Figure 416-6











Figure 417








>


Video Chlamydomonas

>


Figure 418a

Cilia


Figure 418b

Flagellum














>


Figure 418c-0




Plasma membrane


Figure 418c-1





Figure 418c-2




Plasma membrane
















Figure 419

Collagen fiber

EXTRACELLULAR FLUID

CYTOPLASM



Integrin

Plasmamembrane










>



>



>


Figure 420

Tight junction

Anchoringjunction

Gap junction












Figure 421

Vacuole

Plant cellwalls

Plasmodesmata


Cytosol






communication


Table 4-22-0


Table 4-22-1


Table 4-22-2






membranes


















Table 4-1


Figure 4UN02


Figure 4UN03

a bc

d

e

f

g

h

i

jk

l


Figure 4UN04-0


Mark


Figure 4UN04-1


Mark


Figure 4UN04-2

Slide 1

Introduction

Introduction (2)

Figure 40-1

Figure 40-2

Slide 6





Figure 41a

Figure 41b

Figure 41c

Figure 41d

Figure 41e-0

Figure 41e-1

Figure 41e-2




Figure 42a



Figure 42b

Figure 4UN01






Figure 43-0

Figure 43-1

Figure 43-2







Figure 44a

Figure 44b

Slide 42




Figure 45



Figure 46

Slide 50






Figure 48a

Figure 48b





Figure 49




Figure 410a-1

Figure 410a-2

Figure 410a-3

Figure 410a-4

Figure 410b-1

Figure 410b-2

Figure 410b-3



Figure 411a

Figure 411b


Figure 412


Slide 80




Figure 413



Figure 414



Figure 415

Figure 415-1

Figure 415-2

Figure 415-3

Slide 94






Figure 416-0

Figure 416-1

Figure 416-2

Figure 416-3

Figure 416-4

Figure 416-5

Figure 416-6



Figure 417



Video Chlamydomonas

Figure 418a

Figure 418b




Figure 418c-0

Figure 418c-1

Figure 418c-2




Figure 419





Figure 420


Figure 421


Table 4-22-0

Table 4-22-1

Table 4-22-2





Table 4-1

Figure 4UN02

Figure 4UN03

Figure 4UN04-0

Figure 4UN04-1

Figure 4UN04-2























Figure 41a


Figure 41b


Figure 41c


Figure 41d


Figure 41e-0


Chicken egg

Frog egg

ParameciumHuman egg



Ribosome

ProteinsLipids

SmallmoleculesAtoms

Una

ided

eye

Ligh

t mic

rosc

ope

Elec

tron

mic

rosc

ope

10 m

1 m

100 mm(10 cm)

10 mm(1 cm)

1 mm

100 nm

10 nm

1 nm

01 nm

100 μm

10 μm

1 μm


Figure 41e-1


Chicken egg

Frog egg


naid

ed e

ye

10 m

1 m

100 mm(10 cm)

10 mm(1 cm)

1 mm

100 μm


Figure 41e-2

Frog egg

ParameciumHuman egg



Ribosome

ProteinsLipids

SmallmoleculesAtoms

Ligh

t mic

rosc

ope

Elec

tron

mic

rosc

ope

1 mm

100 nm

10 nm

1 nm

01 nm

100 μm

10 μm

1 μm


















Figure 42a

Total volume

3

3

1

1

2 6


27 units3 27 units3














Figure 42b

Outside cell

Inside cell


Phospholipid

Channelprotein




Figure 4UN01







structure






















Figure 43-0

Fimbriae

Ribosomes

Nucleoid





Flagella


Figure 43-1Fimbriae

Ribosomes

Nucleoid





Figure 43-2
























flagella







Figure 44a



Golgi apparatus



Plasmamembrane

Peroxisome



CYTOSKELETON


Ribosomes


Figure 44b




Ribosomes

Plasmamembrane

Peroxisome

Mitochondrion


CYTOSKELETON


apparatus


Chloroplast

Centralvacuole


















Figure 45



Ribosome

Pore Chromatin












Figure 46

Rough ER


Protein

Ribosome

Free ribosomemRNA






















Figure 48a

Rough ER

Smooth ER

Ribosomes

Rough ERSmooth ER


Figure 48b

mRNA

1

2

3

4

Bound ribosome



Sugar chain

Rough ER






















Figure 49

Golgi apparatus

1

2

3

4














>


Figure 410a-1

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-2

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-3

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-4

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane

Digestion


Figure 410b-1

Lysosome



Figure 410b-2

Lysosome



Figure 410b-3

Lysosome









>


Figure 411a

Contractilevacuoles

Nucleus


Figure 411b

Central vacuole

Chloroplast

Nucleus





Figure 412

Nucleus

Smooth ER

Rough ER

Transport vesicle

Lysosome

Nuclear envelope

Golgi apparatus

Plasmamembrane

Transportvesicle






















Figure 413

Mitochondrion

Intermembranespace

Outermembrane

Innermembrane

CristaMatrix












Figure 414

Chloroplast

Granum

Stroma


Thylakoid











Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell




Nucleus




Nucleus


Mitochondrion





Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell









>




motor proteins move










Figure 416-0

Nucleus

Nucleus

Microtubule


10 nm

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-1

Nucleus

Microtubule

25 nm


Figure 416-2

Nucleus


10 nm


Figure 416-3

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-4

Nucleus


Figure 416-5

Nucleus


Figure 416-6











Figure 417








>


Video Chlamydomonas

>


Figure 418a

Cilia


Figure 418b

Flagellum














>


Figure 418c-0




Plasma membrane


Figure 418c-1





Figure 418c-2




Plasma membrane
















Figure 419

Collagen fiber

EXTRACELLULAR FLUID

CYTOPLASM



Integrin

Plasmamembrane










>



>



>


Figure 420

Tight junction

Anchoringjunction

Gap junction












Figure 421

Vacuole

Plant cellwalls

Plasmodesmata


Cytosol






communication


Table 4-22-0


Table 4-22-1


Table 4-22-2






membranes


















Table 4-1


Figure 4UN02


Figure 4UN03

a bc

d

e

f

g

h

i

jk

l


Figure 4UN04-0


Mark


Figure 4UN04-1


Mark


Figure 4UN04-2

Slide 1

Introduction

Introduction (2)

Figure 40-1

Figure 40-2

Slide 6





Figure 41a

Figure 41b

Figure 41c

Figure 41d

Figure 41e-0

Figure 41e-1

Figure 41e-2




Figure 42a



Figure 42b

Figure 4UN01






Figure 43-0

Figure 43-1

Figure 43-2







Figure 44a

Figure 44b

Slide 42




Figure 45



Figure 46

Slide 50






Figure 48a

Figure 48b





Figure 49




Figure 410a-1

Figure 410a-2

Figure 410a-3

Figure 410a-4

Figure 410b-1

Figure 410b-2

Figure 410b-3



Figure 411a

Figure 411b


Figure 412


Slide 80




Figure 413



Figure 414



Figure 415

Figure 415-1

Figure 415-2

Figure 415-3

Slide 94






Figure 416-0

Figure 416-1

Figure 416-2

Figure 416-3

Figure 416-4

Figure 416-5

Figure 416-6



Figure 417



Video Chlamydomonas

Figure 418a

Figure 418b




Figure 418c-0

Figure 418c-1

Figure 418c-2




Figure 419





Figure 420


Figure 421


Table 4-22-0

Table 4-22-1

Table 4-22-2





Table 4-1

Figure 4UN02

Figure 4UN03

Figure 4UN04-0

Figure 4UN04-1

Figure 4UN04-2


Figure 41b


Figure 41c


Figure 41d


Figure 41e-0


Chicken egg

Frog egg

ParameciumHuman egg



Ribosome

ProteinsLipids

SmallmoleculesAtoms

Una

ided

eye

Ligh

t mic

rosc

ope

Elec

tron

mic

rosc

ope

10 m

1 m

100 mm(10 cm)

10 mm(1 cm)

1 mm

100 nm

10 nm

1 nm

01 nm

100 μm

10 μm

1 μm


Figure 41e-1


Chicken egg

Frog egg


naid

ed e

ye

10 m

1 m

100 mm(10 cm)

10 mm(1 cm)

1 mm

100 μm


Figure 41e-2

Frog egg

ParameciumHuman egg



Ribosome

ProteinsLipids

SmallmoleculesAtoms

Ligh

t mic

rosc

ope

Elec

tron

mic

rosc

ope

1 mm

100 nm

10 nm

1 nm

01 nm

100 μm

10 μm

1 μm


















Figure 42a

Total volume

3

3

1

1

2 6


27 units3 27 units3














Figure 42b

Outside cell

Inside cell


Phospholipid

Channelprotein




Figure 4UN01







structure






















Figure 43-0

Fimbriae

Ribosomes

Nucleoid





Flagella


Figure 43-1Fimbriae

Ribosomes

Nucleoid





Figure 43-2
























flagella







Figure 44a



Golgi apparatus



Plasmamembrane

Peroxisome



CYTOSKELETON


Ribosomes


Figure 44b




Ribosomes

Plasmamembrane

Peroxisome

Mitochondrion


CYTOSKELETON


apparatus


Chloroplast

Centralvacuole


















Figure 45



Ribosome

Pore Chromatin












Figure 46

Rough ER


Protein

Ribosome

Free ribosomemRNA






















Figure 48a

Rough ER

Smooth ER

Ribosomes

Rough ERSmooth ER


Figure 48b

mRNA

1

2

3

4

Bound ribosome



Sugar chain

Rough ER






















Figure 49

Golgi apparatus

1

2

3

4














>


Figure 410a-1

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-2

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-3

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-4

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane

Digestion


Figure 410b-1

Lysosome



Figure 410b-2

Lysosome



Figure 410b-3

Lysosome









>


Figure 411a

Contractilevacuoles

Nucleus


Figure 411b

Central vacuole

Chloroplast

Nucleus





Figure 412

Nucleus

Smooth ER

Rough ER

Transport vesicle

Lysosome

Nuclear envelope

Golgi apparatus

Plasmamembrane

Transportvesicle






















Figure 413

Mitochondrion

Intermembranespace

Outermembrane

Innermembrane

CristaMatrix












Figure 414

Chloroplast

Granum

Stroma


Thylakoid











Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell




Nucleus




Nucleus


Mitochondrion





Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell









>




motor proteins move










Figure 416-0

Nucleus

Nucleus

Microtubule


10 nm

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-1

Nucleus

Microtubule

25 nm


Figure 416-2

Nucleus


10 nm


Figure 416-3

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-4

Nucleus


Figure 416-5

Nucleus


Figure 416-6











Figure 417








>


Video Chlamydomonas

>


Figure 418a

Cilia


Figure 418b

Flagellum














>


Figure 418c-0




Plasma membrane


Figure 418c-1





Figure 418c-2




Plasma membrane
















Figure 419

Collagen fiber

EXTRACELLULAR FLUID

CYTOPLASM



Integrin

Plasmamembrane










>



>



>


Figure 420

Tight junction

Anchoringjunction

Gap junction












Figure 421

Vacuole

Plant cellwalls

Plasmodesmata


Cytosol






communication


Table 4-22-0


Table 4-22-1


Table 4-22-2






membranes


















Table 4-1


Figure 4UN02


Figure 4UN03

a bc

d

e

f

g

h

i

jk

l


Figure 4UN04-0


Mark


Figure 4UN04-1


Mark


Figure 4UN04-2

Slide 1

Introduction

Introduction (2)

Figure 40-1

Figure 40-2

Slide 6





Figure 41a

Figure 41b

Figure 41c

Figure 41d

Figure 41e-0

Figure 41e-1

Figure 41e-2




Figure 42a



Figure 42b

Figure 4UN01






Figure 43-0

Figure 43-1

Figure 43-2







Figure 44a

Figure 44b

Slide 42




Figure 45



Figure 46

Slide 50






Figure 48a

Figure 48b





Figure 49




Figure 410a-1

Figure 410a-2

Figure 410a-3

Figure 410a-4

Figure 410b-1

Figure 410b-2

Figure 410b-3



Figure 411a

Figure 411b


Figure 412


Slide 80




Figure 413



Figure 414



Figure 415

Figure 415-1

Figure 415-2

Figure 415-3

Slide 94






Figure 416-0

Figure 416-1

Figure 416-2

Figure 416-3

Figure 416-4

Figure 416-5

Figure 416-6



Figure 417



Video Chlamydomonas

Figure 418a

Figure 418b




Figure 418c-0

Figure 418c-1

Figure 418c-2




Figure 419





Figure 420


Figure 421


Table 4-22-0

Table 4-22-1

Table 4-22-2





Table 4-1

Figure 4UN02

Figure 4UN03

Figure 4UN04-0

Figure 4UN04-1

Figure 4UN04-2


Figure 41c


Figure 41d


Figure 41e-0


Chicken egg

Frog egg

ParameciumHuman egg



Ribosome

ProteinsLipids

SmallmoleculesAtoms

Una

ided

eye

Ligh

t mic

rosc

ope

Elec

tron

mic

rosc

ope

10 m

1 m

100 mm(10 cm)

10 mm(1 cm)

1 mm

100 nm

10 nm

1 nm

01 nm

100 μm

10 μm

1 μm


Figure 41e-1


Chicken egg

Frog egg


naid

ed e

ye

10 m

1 m

100 mm(10 cm)

10 mm(1 cm)

1 mm

100 μm


Figure 41e-2

Frog egg

ParameciumHuman egg



Ribosome

ProteinsLipids

SmallmoleculesAtoms

Ligh

t mic

rosc

ope

Elec

tron

mic

rosc

ope

1 mm

100 nm

10 nm

1 nm

01 nm

100 μm

10 μm

1 μm


















Figure 42a

Total volume

3

3

1

1

2 6


27 units3 27 units3














Figure 42b

Outside cell

Inside cell


Phospholipid

Channelprotein




Figure 4UN01







structure






















Figure 43-0

Fimbriae

Ribosomes

Nucleoid





Flagella


Figure 43-1Fimbriae

Ribosomes

Nucleoid





Figure 43-2
























flagella







Figure 44a



Golgi apparatus



Plasmamembrane

Peroxisome



CYTOSKELETON


Ribosomes


Figure 44b




Ribosomes

Plasmamembrane

Peroxisome

Mitochondrion


CYTOSKELETON


apparatus


Chloroplast

Centralvacuole


















Figure 45



Ribosome

Pore Chromatin












Figure 46

Rough ER


Protein

Ribosome

Free ribosomemRNA






















Figure 48a

Rough ER

Smooth ER

Ribosomes

Rough ERSmooth ER


Figure 48b

mRNA

1

2

3

4

Bound ribosome



Sugar chain

Rough ER






















Figure 49

Golgi apparatus

1

2

3

4














>


Figure 410a-1

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-2

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-3

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-4

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane

Digestion


Figure 410b-1

Lysosome



Figure 410b-2

Lysosome



Figure 410b-3

Lysosome









>


Figure 411a

Contractilevacuoles

Nucleus


Figure 411b

Central vacuole

Chloroplast

Nucleus





Figure 412

Nucleus

Smooth ER

Rough ER

Transport vesicle

Lysosome

Nuclear envelope

Golgi apparatus

Plasmamembrane

Transportvesicle






















Figure 413

Mitochondrion

Intermembranespace

Outermembrane

Innermembrane

CristaMatrix












Figure 414

Chloroplast

Granum

Stroma


Thylakoid











Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell




Nucleus




Nucleus


Mitochondrion





Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell









>




motor proteins move










Figure 416-0

Nucleus

Nucleus

Microtubule


10 nm

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-1

Nucleus

Microtubule

25 nm


Figure 416-2

Nucleus


10 nm


Figure 416-3

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-4

Nucleus


Figure 416-5

Nucleus


Figure 416-6











Figure 417








>


Video Chlamydomonas

>


Figure 418a

Cilia


Figure 418b

Flagellum














>


Figure 418c-0




Plasma membrane


Figure 418c-1





Figure 418c-2




Plasma membrane
















Figure 419

Collagen fiber

EXTRACELLULAR FLUID

CYTOPLASM



Integrin

Plasmamembrane










>



>



>


Figure 420

Tight junction

Anchoringjunction

Gap junction












Figure 421

Vacuole

Plant cellwalls

Plasmodesmata


Cytosol






communication


Table 4-22-0


Table 4-22-1


Table 4-22-2






membranes


















Table 4-1


Figure 4UN02


Figure 4UN03

a bc

d

e

f

g

h

i

jk

l


Figure 4UN04-0


Mark


Figure 4UN04-1


Mark


Figure 4UN04-2

Slide 1

Introduction

Introduction (2)

Figure 40-1

Figure 40-2

Slide 6





Figure 41a

Figure 41b

Figure 41c

Figure 41d

Figure 41e-0

Figure 41e-1

Figure 41e-2




Figure 42a



Figure 42b

Figure 4UN01






Figure 43-0

Figure 43-1

Figure 43-2







Figure 44a

Figure 44b

Slide 42




Figure 45



Figure 46

Slide 50






Figure 48a

Figure 48b





Figure 49




Figure 410a-1

Figure 410a-2

Figure 410a-3

Figure 410a-4

Figure 410b-1

Figure 410b-2

Figure 410b-3



Figure 411a

Figure 411b


Figure 412


Slide 80




Figure 413



Figure 414



Figure 415

Figure 415-1

Figure 415-2

Figure 415-3

Slide 94






Figure 416-0

Figure 416-1

Figure 416-2

Figure 416-3

Figure 416-4

Figure 416-5

Figure 416-6



Figure 417



Video Chlamydomonas

Figure 418a

Figure 418b




Figure 418c-0

Figure 418c-1

Figure 418c-2




Figure 419





Figure 420


Figure 421


Table 4-22-0

Table 4-22-1

Table 4-22-2





Table 4-1

Figure 4UN02

Figure 4UN03

Figure 4UN04-0

Figure 4UN04-1

Figure 4UN04-2


Figure 41d


Figure 41e-0


Chicken egg

Frog egg

ParameciumHuman egg



Ribosome

ProteinsLipids

SmallmoleculesAtoms

Una

ided

eye

Ligh

t mic

rosc

ope

Elec

tron

mic

rosc

ope

10 m

1 m

100 mm(10 cm)

10 mm(1 cm)

1 mm

100 nm

10 nm

1 nm

01 nm

100 μm

10 μm

1 μm


Figure 41e-1


Chicken egg

Frog egg


naid

ed e

ye

10 m

1 m

100 mm(10 cm)

10 mm(1 cm)

1 mm

100 μm


Figure 41e-2

Frog egg

ParameciumHuman egg



Ribosome

ProteinsLipids

SmallmoleculesAtoms

Ligh

t mic

rosc

ope

Elec

tron

mic

rosc

ope

1 mm

100 nm

10 nm

1 nm

01 nm

100 μm

10 μm

1 μm


















Figure 42a

Total volume

3

3

1

1

2 6


27 units3 27 units3














Figure 42b

Outside cell

Inside cell


Phospholipid

Channelprotein




Figure 4UN01







structure






















Figure 43-0

Fimbriae

Ribosomes

Nucleoid





Flagella


Figure 43-1Fimbriae

Ribosomes

Nucleoid





Figure 43-2
























flagella







Figure 44a



Golgi apparatus



Plasmamembrane

Peroxisome



CYTOSKELETON


Ribosomes


Figure 44b




Ribosomes

Plasmamembrane

Peroxisome

Mitochondrion


CYTOSKELETON


apparatus


Chloroplast

Centralvacuole


















Figure 45



Ribosome

Pore Chromatin












Figure 46

Rough ER


Protein

Ribosome

Free ribosomemRNA






















Figure 48a

Rough ER

Smooth ER

Ribosomes

Rough ERSmooth ER


Figure 48b

mRNA

1

2

3

4

Bound ribosome



Sugar chain

Rough ER






















Figure 49

Golgi apparatus

1

2

3

4














>


Figure 410a-1

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-2

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-3

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-4

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane

Digestion


Figure 410b-1

Lysosome



Figure 410b-2

Lysosome



Figure 410b-3

Lysosome









>


Figure 411a

Contractilevacuoles

Nucleus


Figure 411b

Central vacuole

Chloroplast

Nucleus





Figure 412

Nucleus

Smooth ER

Rough ER

Transport vesicle

Lysosome

Nuclear envelope

Golgi apparatus

Plasmamembrane

Transportvesicle






















Figure 413

Mitochondrion

Intermembranespace

Outermembrane

Innermembrane

CristaMatrix












Figure 414

Chloroplast

Granum

Stroma


Thylakoid











Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell




Nucleus




Nucleus


Mitochondrion





Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell









>




motor proteins move










Figure 416-0

Nucleus

Nucleus

Microtubule


10 nm

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-1

Nucleus

Microtubule

25 nm


Figure 416-2

Nucleus


10 nm


Figure 416-3

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-4

Nucleus


Figure 416-5

Nucleus


Figure 416-6











Figure 417








>


Video Chlamydomonas

>


Figure 418a

Cilia


Figure 418b

Flagellum














>


Figure 418c-0




Plasma membrane


Figure 418c-1





Figure 418c-2




Plasma membrane
















Figure 419

Collagen fiber

EXTRACELLULAR FLUID

CYTOPLASM



Integrin

Plasmamembrane










>



>



>


Figure 420

Tight junction

Anchoringjunction

Gap junction












Figure 421

Vacuole

Plant cellwalls

Plasmodesmata


Cytosol






communication


Table 4-22-0


Table 4-22-1


Table 4-22-2






membranes


















Table 4-1


Figure 4UN02


Figure 4UN03

a bc

d

e

f

g

h

i

jk

l


Figure 4UN04-0


Mark


Figure 4UN04-1


Mark


Figure 4UN04-2

Slide 1

Introduction

Introduction (2)

Figure 40-1

Figure 40-2

Slide 6





Figure 41a

Figure 41b

Figure 41c

Figure 41d

Figure 41e-0

Figure 41e-1

Figure 41e-2




Figure 42a



Figure 42b

Figure 4UN01






Figure 43-0

Figure 43-1

Figure 43-2







Figure 44a

Figure 44b

Slide 42




Figure 45



Figure 46

Slide 50






Figure 48a

Figure 48b





Figure 49




Figure 410a-1

Figure 410a-2

Figure 410a-3

Figure 410a-4

Figure 410b-1

Figure 410b-2

Figure 410b-3



Figure 411a

Figure 411b


Figure 412


Slide 80




Figure 413



Figure 414



Figure 415

Figure 415-1

Figure 415-2

Figure 415-3

Slide 94






Figure 416-0

Figure 416-1

Figure 416-2

Figure 416-3

Figure 416-4

Figure 416-5

Figure 416-6



Figure 417



Video Chlamydomonas

Figure 418a

Figure 418b




Figure 418c-0

Figure 418c-1

Figure 418c-2




Figure 419





Figure 420


Figure 421


Table 4-22-0

Table 4-22-1

Table 4-22-2





Table 4-1

Figure 4UN02

Figure 4UN03

Figure 4UN04-0

Figure 4UN04-1

Figure 4UN04-2


Figure 41e-0


Chicken egg

Frog egg

ParameciumHuman egg



Ribosome

ProteinsLipids

SmallmoleculesAtoms

Una

ided

eye

Ligh

t mic

rosc

ope

Elec

tron

mic

rosc

ope

10 m

1 m

100 mm(10 cm)

10 mm(1 cm)

1 mm

100 nm

10 nm

1 nm

01 nm

100 μm

10 μm

1 μm


Figure 41e-1


Chicken egg

Frog egg


naid

ed e

ye

10 m

1 m

100 mm(10 cm)

10 mm(1 cm)

1 mm

100 μm


Figure 41e-2

Frog egg

ParameciumHuman egg



Ribosome

ProteinsLipids

SmallmoleculesAtoms

Ligh

t mic

rosc

ope

Elec

tron

mic

rosc

ope

1 mm

100 nm

10 nm

1 nm

01 nm

100 μm

10 μm

1 μm


















Figure 42a

Total volume

3

3

1

1

2 6


27 units3 27 units3














Figure 42b

Outside cell

Inside cell


Phospholipid

Channelprotein




Figure 4UN01







structure






















Figure 43-0

Fimbriae

Ribosomes

Nucleoid





Flagella


Figure 43-1Fimbriae

Ribosomes

Nucleoid





Figure 43-2
























flagella







Figure 44a



Golgi apparatus



Plasmamembrane

Peroxisome



CYTOSKELETON


Ribosomes


Figure 44b




Ribosomes

Plasmamembrane

Peroxisome

Mitochondrion


CYTOSKELETON


apparatus


Chloroplast

Centralvacuole


















Figure 45



Ribosome

Pore Chromatin












Figure 46

Rough ER


Protein

Ribosome

Free ribosomemRNA






















Figure 48a

Rough ER

Smooth ER

Ribosomes

Rough ERSmooth ER


Figure 48b

mRNA

1

2

3

4

Bound ribosome



Sugar chain

Rough ER






















Figure 49

Golgi apparatus

1

2

3

4














>


Figure 410a-1

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-2

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-3

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-4

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane

Digestion


Figure 410b-1

Lysosome



Figure 410b-2

Lysosome



Figure 410b-3

Lysosome









>


Figure 411a

Contractilevacuoles

Nucleus


Figure 411b

Central vacuole

Chloroplast

Nucleus





Figure 412

Nucleus

Smooth ER

Rough ER

Transport vesicle

Lysosome

Nuclear envelope

Golgi apparatus

Plasmamembrane

Transportvesicle






















Figure 413

Mitochondrion

Intermembranespace

Outermembrane

Innermembrane

CristaMatrix












Figure 414

Chloroplast

Granum

Stroma


Thylakoid











Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell




Nucleus




Nucleus


Mitochondrion





Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell









>




motor proteins move










Figure 416-0

Nucleus

Nucleus

Microtubule


10 nm

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-1

Nucleus

Microtubule

25 nm


Figure 416-2

Nucleus


10 nm


Figure 416-3

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-4

Nucleus


Figure 416-5

Nucleus


Figure 416-6











Figure 417








>


Video Chlamydomonas

>


Figure 418a

Cilia


Figure 418b

Flagellum














>


Figure 418c-0




Plasma membrane


Figure 418c-1





Figure 418c-2




Plasma membrane
















Figure 419

Collagen fiber

EXTRACELLULAR FLUID

CYTOPLASM



Integrin

Plasmamembrane










>



>



>


Figure 420

Tight junction

Anchoringjunction

Gap junction












Figure 421

Vacuole

Plant cellwalls

Plasmodesmata


Cytosol






communication


Table 4-22-0


Table 4-22-1


Table 4-22-2






membranes


















Table 4-1


Figure 4UN02


Figure 4UN03

a bc

d

e

f

g

h

i

jk

l


Figure 4UN04-0


Mark


Figure 4UN04-1


Mark


Figure 4UN04-2

Slide 1

Introduction

Introduction (2)

Figure 40-1

Figure 40-2

Slide 6





Figure 41a

Figure 41b

Figure 41c

Figure 41d

Figure 41e-0

Figure 41e-1

Figure 41e-2




Figure 42a



Figure 42b

Figure 4UN01






Figure 43-0

Figure 43-1

Figure 43-2







Figure 44a

Figure 44b

Slide 42




Figure 45



Figure 46

Slide 50






Figure 48a

Figure 48b





Figure 49




Figure 410a-1

Figure 410a-2

Figure 410a-3

Figure 410a-4

Figure 410b-1

Figure 410b-2

Figure 410b-3



Figure 411a

Figure 411b


Figure 412


Slide 80




Figure 413



Figure 414



Figure 415

Figure 415-1

Figure 415-2

Figure 415-3

Slide 94






Figure 416-0

Figure 416-1

Figure 416-2

Figure 416-3

Figure 416-4

Figure 416-5

Figure 416-6



Figure 417



Video Chlamydomonas

Figure 418a

Figure 418b




Figure 418c-0

Figure 418c-1

Figure 418c-2




Figure 419





Figure 420


Figure 421


Table 4-22-0

Table 4-22-1

Table 4-22-2





Table 4-1

Figure 4UN02

Figure 4UN03

Figure 4UN04-0

Figure 4UN04-1

Figure 4UN04-2


Figure 41e-1


Chicken egg

Frog egg


naid

ed e

ye

10 m

1 m

100 mm(10 cm)

10 mm(1 cm)

1 mm

100 μm


Figure 41e-2

Frog egg

ParameciumHuman egg



Ribosome

ProteinsLipids

SmallmoleculesAtoms

Ligh

t mic

rosc

ope

Elec

tron

mic

rosc

ope

1 mm

100 nm

10 nm

1 nm

01 nm

100 μm

10 μm

1 μm


















Figure 42a

Total volume

3

3

1

1

2 6


27 units3 27 units3














Figure 42b

Outside cell

Inside cell


Phospholipid

Channelprotein




Figure 4UN01







structure






















Figure 43-0

Fimbriae

Ribosomes

Nucleoid





Flagella


Figure 43-1Fimbriae

Ribosomes

Nucleoid





Figure 43-2
























flagella







Figure 44a



Golgi apparatus



Plasmamembrane

Peroxisome



CYTOSKELETON


Ribosomes


Figure 44b




Ribosomes

Plasmamembrane

Peroxisome

Mitochondrion


CYTOSKELETON


apparatus


Chloroplast

Centralvacuole


















Figure 45



Ribosome

Pore Chromatin












Figure 46

Rough ER


Protein

Ribosome

Free ribosomemRNA






















Figure 48a

Rough ER

Smooth ER

Ribosomes

Rough ERSmooth ER


Figure 48b

mRNA

1

2

3

4

Bound ribosome



Sugar chain

Rough ER






















Figure 49

Golgi apparatus

1

2

3

4














>


Figure 410a-1

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-2

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-3

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-4

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane

Digestion


Figure 410b-1

Lysosome



Figure 410b-2

Lysosome



Figure 410b-3

Lysosome









>


Figure 411a

Contractilevacuoles

Nucleus


Figure 411b

Central vacuole

Chloroplast

Nucleus





Figure 412

Nucleus

Smooth ER

Rough ER

Transport vesicle

Lysosome

Nuclear envelope

Golgi apparatus

Plasmamembrane

Transportvesicle






















Figure 413

Mitochondrion

Intermembranespace

Outermembrane

Innermembrane

CristaMatrix












Figure 414

Chloroplast

Granum

Stroma


Thylakoid











Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell




Nucleus




Nucleus


Mitochondrion





Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell









>




motor proteins move










Figure 416-0

Nucleus

Nucleus

Microtubule


10 nm

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-1

Nucleus

Microtubule

25 nm


Figure 416-2

Nucleus


10 nm


Figure 416-3

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-4

Nucleus


Figure 416-5

Nucleus


Figure 416-6











Figure 417








>


Video Chlamydomonas

>


Figure 418a

Cilia


Figure 418b

Flagellum














>


Figure 418c-0




Plasma membrane


Figure 418c-1





Figure 418c-2




Plasma membrane
















Figure 419

Collagen fiber

EXTRACELLULAR FLUID

CYTOPLASM



Integrin

Plasmamembrane










>



>



>


Figure 420

Tight junction

Anchoringjunction

Gap junction












Figure 421

Vacuole

Plant cellwalls

Plasmodesmata


Cytosol






communication


Table 4-22-0


Table 4-22-1


Table 4-22-2






membranes


















Table 4-1


Figure 4UN02


Figure 4UN03

a bc

d

e

f

g

h

i

jk

l


Figure 4UN04-0


Mark


Figure 4UN04-1


Mark


Figure 4UN04-2

Slide 1

Introduction

Introduction (2)

Figure 40-1

Figure 40-2

Slide 6





Figure 41a

Figure 41b

Figure 41c

Figure 41d

Figure 41e-0

Figure 41e-1

Figure 41e-2




Figure 42a



Figure 42b

Figure 4UN01






Figure 43-0

Figure 43-1

Figure 43-2







Figure 44a

Figure 44b

Slide 42




Figure 45



Figure 46

Slide 50






Figure 48a

Figure 48b





Figure 49




Figure 410a-1

Figure 410a-2

Figure 410a-3

Figure 410a-4

Figure 410b-1

Figure 410b-2

Figure 410b-3



Figure 411a

Figure 411b


Figure 412


Slide 80




Figure 413



Figure 414



Figure 415

Figure 415-1

Figure 415-2

Figure 415-3

Slide 94






Figure 416-0

Figure 416-1

Figure 416-2

Figure 416-3

Figure 416-4

Figure 416-5

Figure 416-6



Figure 417



Video Chlamydomonas

Figure 418a

Figure 418b




Figure 418c-0

Figure 418c-1

Figure 418c-2




Figure 419





Figure 420


Figure 421


Table 4-22-0

Table 4-22-1

Table 4-22-2





Table 4-1

Figure 4UN02

Figure 4UN03

Figure 4UN04-0

Figure 4UN04-1

Figure 4UN04-2


Figure 41e-2

Frog egg

ParameciumHuman egg



Ribosome

ProteinsLipids

SmallmoleculesAtoms

Ligh

t mic

rosc

ope

Elec

tron

mic

rosc

ope

1 mm

100 nm

10 nm

1 nm

01 nm

100 μm

10 μm

1 μm


















Figure 42a

Total volume

3

3

1

1

2 6


27 units3 27 units3














Figure 42b

Outside cell

Inside cell


Phospholipid

Channelprotein




Figure 4UN01







structure






















Figure 43-0

Fimbriae

Ribosomes

Nucleoid





Flagella


Figure 43-1Fimbriae

Ribosomes

Nucleoid





Figure 43-2
























flagella







Figure 44a



Golgi apparatus



Plasmamembrane

Peroxisome



CYTOSKELETON


Ribosomes


Figure 44b




Ribosomes

Plasmamembrane

Peroxisome

Mitochondrion


CYTOSKELETON


apparatus


Chloroplast

Centralvacuole


















Figure 45



Ribosome

Pore Chromatin












Figure 46

Rough ER


Protein

Ribosome

Free ribosomemRNA






















Figure 48a

Rough ER

Smooth ER

Ribosomes

Rough ERSmooth ER


Figure 48b

mRNA

1

2

3

4

Bound ribosome



Sugar chain

Rough ER






















Figure 49

Golgi apparatus

1

2

3

4














>


Figure 410a-1

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-2

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-3

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-4

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane

Digestion


Figure 410b-1

Lysosome



Figure 410b-2

Lysosome



Figure 410b-3

Lysosome









>


Figure 411a

Contractilevacuoles

Nucleus


Figure 411b

Central vacuole

Chloroplast

Nucleus





Figure 412

Nucleus

Smooth ER

Rough ER

Transport vesicle

Lysosome

Nuclear envelope

Golgi apparatus

Plasmamembrane

Transportvesicle






















Figure 413

Mitochondrion

Intermembranespace

Outermembrane

Innermembrane

CristaMatrix












Figure 414

Chloroplast

Granum

Stroma


Thylakoid











Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell




Nucleus




Nucleus


Mitochondrion





Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell









>




motor proteins move










Figure 416-0

Nucleus

Nucleus

Microtubule


10 nm

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-1

Nucleus

Microtubule

25 nm


Figure 416-2

Nucleus


10 nm


Figure 416-3

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-4

Nucleus


Figure 416-5

Nucleus


Figure 416-6











Figure 417








>


Video Chlamydomonas

>


Figure 418a

Cilia


Figure 418b

Flagellum














>


Figure 418c-0




Plasma membrane


Figure 418c-1





Figure 418c-2




Plasma membrane
















Figure 419

Collagen fiber

EXTRACELLULAR FLUID

CYTOPLASM



Integrin

Plasmamembrane










>



>



>


Figure 420

Tight junction

Anchoringjunction

Gap junction












Figure 421

Vacuole

Plant cellwalls

Plasmodesmata


Cytosol






communication


Table 4-22-0


Table 4-22-1


Table 4-22-2






membranes


















Table 4-1


Figure 4UN02


Figure 4UN03

a bc

d

e

f

g

h

i

jk

l


Figure 4UN04-0


Mark


Figure 4UN04-1


Mark


Figure 4UN04-2

Slide 1

Introduction

Introduction (2)

Figure 40-1

Figure 40-2

Slide 6





Figure 41a

Figure 41b

Figure 41c

Figure 41d

Figure 41e-0

Figure 41e-1

Figure 41e-2




Figure 42a



Figure 42b

Figure 4UN01






Figure 43-0

Figure 43-1

Figure 43-2







Figure 44a

Figure 44b

Slide 42




Figure 45



Figure 46

Slide 50






Figure 48a

Figure 48b





Figure 49




Figure 410a-1

Figure 410a-2

Figure 410a-3

Figure 410a-4

Figure 410b-1

Figure 410b-2

Figure 410b-3



Figure 411a

Figure 411b


Figure 412


Slide 80




Figure 413



Figure 414



Figure 415

Figure 415-1

Figure 415-2

Figure 415-3

Slide 94






Figure 416-0

Figure 416-1

Figure 416-2

Figure 416-3

Figure 416-4

Figure 416-5

Figure 416-6



Figure 417



Video Chlamydomonas

Figure 418a

Figure 418b




Figure 418c-0

Figure 418c-1

Figure 418c-2




Figure 419





Figure 420


Figure 421


Table 4-22-0

Table 4-22-1

Table 4-22-2





Table 4-1

Figure 4UN02

Figure 4UN03

Figure 4UN04-0

Figure 4UN04-1

Figure 4UN04-2


















Figure 42a

Total volume

3

3

1

1

2 6


27 units3 27 units3














Figure 42b

Outside cell

Inside cell


Phospholipid

Channelprotein




Figure 4UN01







structure






















Figure 43-0

Fimbriae

Ribosomes

Nucleoid





Flagella


Figure 43-1Fimbriae

Ribosomes

Nucleoid





Figure 43-2
























flagella







Figure 44a



Golgi apparatus



Plasmamembrane

Peroxisome



CYTOSKELETON


Ribosomes


Figure 44b




Ribosomes

Plasmamembrane

Peroxisome

Mitochondrion


CYTOSKELETON


apparatus


Chloroplast

Centralvacuole


















Figure 45



Ribosome

Pore Chromatin












Figure 46

Rough ER


Protein

Ribosome

Free ribosomemRNA






















Figure 48a

Rough ER

Smooth ER

Ribosomes

Rough ERSmooth ER


Figure 48b

mRNA

1

2

3

4

Bound ribosome



Sugar chain

Rough ER






















Figure 49

Golgi apparatus

1

2

3

4














>


Figure 410a-1

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-2

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-3

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-4

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane

Digestion


Figure 410b-1

Lysosome



Figure 410b-2

Lysosome



Figure 410b-3

Lysosome









>


Figure 411a

Contractilevacuoles

Nucleus


Figure 411b

Central vacuole

Chloroplast

Nucleus





Figure 412

Nucleus

Smooth ER

Rough ER

Transport vesicle

Lysosome

Nuclear envelope

Golgi apparatus

Plasmamembrane

Transportvesicle






















Figure 413

Mitochondrion

Intermembranespace

Outermembrane

Innermembrane

CristaMatrix












Figure 414

Chloroplast

Granum

Stroma


Thylakoid











Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell




Nucleus




Nucleus


Mitochondrion





Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell









>




motor proteins move










Figure 416-0

Nucleus

Nucleus

Microtubule


10 nm

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-1

Nucleus

Microtubule

25 nm


Figure 416-2

Nucleus


10 nm


Figure 416-3

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-4

Nucleus


Figure 416-5

Nucleus


Figure 416-6











Figure 417








>


Video Chlamydomonas

>


Figure 418a

Cilia


Figure 418b

Flagellum














>


Figure 418c-0




Plasma membrane


Figure 418c-1





Figure 418c-2




Plasma membrane
















Figure 419

Collagen fiber

EXTRACELLULAR FLUID

CYTOPLASM



Integrin

Plasmamembrane










>



>



>


Figure 420

Tight junction

Anchoringjunction

Gap junction












Figure 421

Vacuole

Plant cellwalls

Plasmodesmata


Cytosol






communication


Table 4-22-0


Table 4-22-1


Table 4-22-2






membranes


















Table 4-1


Figure 4UN02


Figure 4UN03

a bc

d

e

f

g

h

i

jk

l


Figure 4UN04-0


Mark


Figure 4UN04-1


Mark


Figure 4UN04-2

Slide 1

Introduction

Introduction (2)

Figure 40-1

Figure 40-2

Slide 6





Figure 41a

Figure 41b

Figure 41c

Figure 41d

Figure 41e-0

Figure 41e-1

Figure 41e-2




Figure 42a



Figure 42b

Figure 4UN01






Figure 43-0

Figure 43-1

Figure 43-2







Figure 44a

Figure 44b

Slide 42




Figure 45



Figure 46

Slide 50






Figure 48a

Figure 48b





Figure 49




Figure 410a-1

Figure 410a-2

Figure 410a-3

Figure 410a-4

Figure 410b-1

Figure 410b-2

Figure 410b-3



Figure 411a

Figure 411b


Figure 412


Slide 80




Figure 413



Figure 414



Figure 415

Figure 415-1

Figure 415-2

Figure 415-3

Slide 94






Figure 416-0

Figure 416-1

Figure 416-2

Figure 416-3

Figure 416-4

Figure 416-5

Figure 416-6



Figure 417



Video Chlamydomonas

Figure 418a

Figure 418b




Figure 418c-0

Figure 418c-1

Figure 418c-2




Figure 419





Figure 420


Figure 421


Table 4-22-0

Table 4-22-1

Table 4-22-2





Table 4-1

Figure 4UN02

Figure 4UN03

Figure 4UN04-0

Figure 4UN04-1

Figure 4UN04-2













Figure 42b

Outside cell

Inside cell


Phospholipid

Channelprotein




Figure 4UN01







structure






















Figure 43-0

Fimbriae

Ribosomes

Nucleoid





Flagella


Figure 43-1Fimbriae

Ribosomes

Nucleoid





Figure 43-2
























flagella







Figure 44a



Golgi apparatus



Plasmamembrane

Peroxisome



CYTOSKELETON


Ribosomes


Figure 44b




Ribosomes

Plasmamembrane

Peroxisome

Mitochondrion


CYTOSKELETON


apparatus


Chloroplast

Centralvacuole


















Figure 45



Ribosome

Pore Chromatin












Figure 46

Rough ER


Protein

Ribosome

Free ribosomemRNA






















Figure 48a

Rough ER

Smooth ER

Ribosomes

Rough ERSmooth ER


Figure 48b

mRNA

1

2

3

4

Bound ribosome



Sugar chain

Rough ER






















Figure 49

Golgi apparatus

1

2

3

4














>


Figure 410a-1

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-2

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-3

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-4

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane

Digestion


Figure 410b-1

Lysosome



Figure 410b-2

Lysosome



Figure 410b-3

Lysosome









>


Figure 411a

Contractilevacuoles

Nucleus


Figure 411b

Central vacuole

Chloroplast

Nucleus





Figure 412

Nucleus

Smooth ER

Rough ER

Transport vesicle

Lysosome

Nuclear envelope

Golgi apparatus

Plasmamembrane

Transportvesicle






















Figure 413

Mitochondrion

Intermembranespace

Outermembrane

Innermembrane

CristaMatrix












Figure 414

Chloroplast

Granum

Stroma


Thylakoid











Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell




Nucleus




Nucleus


Mitochondrion





Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell









>




motor proteins move










Figure 416-0

Nucleus

Nucleus

Microtubule


10 nm

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-1

Nucleus

Microtubule

25 nm


Figure 416-2

Nucleus


10 nm


Figure 416-3

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-4

Nucleus


Figure 416-5

Nucleus


Figure 416-6











Figure 417








>


Video Chlamydomonas

>


Figure 418a

Cilia


Figure 418b

Flagellum














>


Figure 418c-0




Plasma membrane


Figure 418c-1





Figure 418c-2




Plasma membrane
















Figure 419

Collagen fiber

EXTRACELLULAR FLUID

CYTOPLASM



Integrin

Plasmamembrane










>



>



>


Figure 420

Tight junction

Anchoringjunction

Gap junction












Figure 421

Vacuole

Plant cellwalls

Plasmodesmata


Cytosol






communication


Table 4-22-0


Table 4-22-1


Table 4-22-2






membranes


















Table 4-1


Figure 4UN02


Figure 4UN03

a bc

d

e

f

g

h

i

jk

l


Figure 4UN04-0


Mark


Figure 4UN04-1


Mark


Figure 4UN04-2

Slide 1

Introduction

Introduction (2)

Figure 40-1

Figure 40-2

Slide 6





Figure 41a

Figure 41b

Figure 41c

Figure 41d

Figure 41e-0

Figure 41e-1

Figure 41e-2




Figure 42a



Figure 42b

Figure 4UN01






Figure 43-0

Figure 43-1

Figure 43-2







Figure 44a

Figure 44b

Slide 42




Figure 45



Figure 46

Slide 50






Figure 48a

Figure 48b





Figure 49




Figure 410a-1

Figure 410a-2

Figure 410a-3

Figure 410a-4

Figure 410b-1

Figure 410b-2

Figure 410b-3



Figure 411a

Figure 411b


Figure 412


Slide 80




Figure 413



Figure 414



Figure 415

Figure 415-1

Figure 415-2

Figure 415-3

Slide 94






Figure 416-0

Figure 416-1

Figure 416-2

Figure 416-3

Figure 416-4

Figure 416-5

Figure 416-6



Figure 417



Video Chlamydomonas

Figure 418a

Figure 418b




Figure 418c-0

Figure 418c-1

Figure 418c-2




Figure 419





Figure 420


Figure 421


Table 4-22-0

Table 4-22-1

Table 4-22-2





Table 4-1

Figure 4UN02

Figure 4UN03

Figure 4UN04-0

Figure 4UN04-1

Figure 4UN04-2


Figure 4UN01







structure






















Figure 43-0

Fimbriae

Ribosomes

Nucleoid





Flagella


Figure 43-1Fimbriae

Ribosomes

Nucleoid





Figure 43-2
























flagella







Figure 44a



Golgi apparatus



Plasmamembrane

Peroxisome



CYTOSKELETON


Ribosomes


Figure 44b




Ribosomes

Plasmamembrane

Peroxisome

Mitochondrion


CYTOSKELETON


apparatus


Chloroplast

Centralvacuole


















Figure 45



Ribosome

Pore Chromatin












Figure 46

Rough ER


Protein

Ribosome

Free ribosomemRNA






















Figure 48a

Rough ER

Smooth ER

Ribosomes

Rough ERSmooth ER


Figure 48b

mRNA

1

2

3

4

Bound ribosome



Sugar chain

Rough ER






















Figure 49

Golgi apparatus

1

2

3

4














>


Figure 410a-1

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-2

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-3

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-4

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane

Digestion


Figure 410b-1

Lysosome



Figure 410b-2

Lysosome



Figure 410b-3

Lysosome









>


Figure 411a

Contractilevacuoles

Nucleus


Figure 411b

Central vacuole

Chloroplast

Nucleus





Figure 412

Nucleus

Smooth ER

Rough ER

Transport vesicle

Lysosome

Nuclear envelope

Golgi apparatus

Plasmamembrane

Transportvesicle






















Figure 413

Mitochondrion

Intermembranespace

Outermembrane

Innermembrane

CristaMatrix












Figure 414

Chloroplast

Granum

Stroma


Thylakoid











Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell




Nucleus




Nucleus


Mitochondrion





Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell









>




motor proteins move










Figure 416-0

Nucleus

Nucleus

Microtubule


10 nm

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-1

Nucleus

Microtubule

25 nm


Figure 416-2

Nucleus


10 nm


Figure 416-3

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-4

Nucleus


Figure 416-5

Nucleus


Figure 416-6











Figure 417








>


Video Chlamydomonas

>


Figure 418a

Cilia


Figure 418b

Flagellum














>


Figure 418c-0




Plasma membrane


Figure 418c-1





Figure 418c-2




Plasma membrane
















Figure 419

Collagen fiber

EXTRACELLULAR FLUID

CYTOPLASM



Integrin

Plasmamembrane










>



>



>


Figure 420

Tight junction

Anchoringjunction

Gap junction












Figure 421

Vacuole

Plant cellwalls

Plasmodesmata


Cytosol






communication


Table 4-22-0


Table 4-22-1


Table 4-22-2






membranes


















Table 4-1


Figure 4UN02


Figure 4UN03

a bc

d

e

f

g

h

i

jk

l


Figure 4UN04-0


Mark


Figure 4UN04-1


Mark


Figure 4UN04-2

Slide 1

Introduction

Introduction (2)

Figure 40-1

Figure 40-2

Slide 6





Figure 41a

Figure 41b

Figure 41c

Figure 41d

Figure 41e-0

Figure 41e-1

Figure 41e-2




Figure 42a



Figure 42b

Figure 4UN01






Figure 43-0

Figure 43-1

Figure 43-2







Figure 44a

Figure 44b

Slide 42




Figure 45



Figure 46

Slide 50






Figure 48a

Figure 48b





Figure 49




Figure 410a-1

Figure 410a-2

Figure 410a-3

Figure 410a-4

Figure 410b-1

Figure 410b-2

Figure 410b-3



Figure 411a

Figure 411b


Figure 412


Slide 80




Figure 413



Figure 414



Figure 415

Figure 415-1

Figure 415-2

Figure 415-3

Slide 94






Figure 416-0

Figure 416-1

Figure 416-2

Figure 416-3

Figure 416-4

Figure 416-5

Figure 416-6



Figure 417



Video Chlamydomonas

Figure 418a

Figure 418b




Figure 418c-0

Figure 418c-1

Figure 418c-2




Figure 419





Figure 420


Figure 421


Table 4-22-0

Table 4-22-1

Table 4-22-2





Table 4-1

Figure 4UN02

Figure 4UN03

Figure 4UN04-0

Figure 4UN04-1

Figure 4UN04-2







structure






















Figure 43-0

Fimbriae

Ribosomes

Nucleoid





Flagella


Figure 43-1Fimbriae

Ribosomes

Nucleoid





Figure 43-2
























flagella







Figure 44a



Golgi apparatus



Plasmamembrane

Peroxisome



CYTOSKELETON


Ribosomes


Figure 44b




Ribosomes

Plasmamembrane

Peroxisome

Mitochondrion


CYTOSKELETON


apparatus


Chloroplast

Centralvacuole


















Figure 45



Ribosome

Pore Chromatin












Figure 46

Rough ER


Protein

Ribosome

Free ribosomemRNA






















Figure 48a

Rough ER

Smooth ER

Ribosomes

Rough ERSmooth ER


Figure 48b

mRNA

1

2

3

4

Bound ribosome



Sugar chain

Rough ER






















Figure 49

Golgi apparatus

1

2

3

4














>


Figure 410a-1

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-2

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-3

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-4

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane

Digestion


Figure 410b-1

Lysosome



Figure 410b-2

Lysosome



Figure 410b-3

Lysosome









>


Figure 411a

Contractilevacuoles

Nucleus


Figure 411b

Central vacuole

Chloroplast

Nucleus





Figure 412

Nucleus

Smooth ER

Rough ER

Transport vesicle

Lysosome

Nuclear envelope

Golgi apparatus

Plasmamembrane

Transportvesicle






















Figure 413

Mitochondrion

Intermembranespace

Outermembrane

Innermembrane

CristaMatrix












Figure 414

Chloroplast

Granum

Stroma


Thylakoid











Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell




Nucleus




Nucleus


Mitochondrion





Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell









>




motor proteins move










Figure 416-0

Nucleus

Nucleus

Microtubule


10 nm

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-1

Nucleus

Microtubule

25 nm


Figure 416-2

Nucleus


10 nm


Figure 416-3

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-4

Nucleus


Figure 416-5

Nucleus


Figure 416-6











Figure 417








>


Video Chlamydomonas

>


Figure 418a

Cilia


Figure 418b

Flagellum














>


Figure 418c-0




Plasma membrane


Figure 418c-1





Figure 418c-2




Plasma membrane
















Figure 419

Collagen fiber

EXTRACELLULAR FLUID

CYTOPLASM



Integrin

Plasmamembrane










>



>



>


Figure 420

Tight junction

Anchoringjunction

Gap junction












Figure 421

Vacuole

Plant cellwalls

Plasmodesmata


Cytosol






communication


Table 4-22-0


Table 4-22-1


Table 4-22-2






membranes


















Table 4-1


Figure 4UN02


Figure 4UN03

a bc

d

e

f

g

h

i

jk

l


Figure 4UN04-0


Mark


Figure 4UN04-1


Mark


Figure 4UN04-2

Slide 1

Introduction

Introduction (2)

Figure 40-1

Figure 40-2

Slide 6





Figure 41a

Figure 41b

Figure 41c

Figure 41d

Figure 41e-0

Figure 41e-1

Figure 41e-2




Figure 42a



Figure 42b

Figure 4UN01






Figure 43-0

Figure 43-1

Figure 43-2







Figure 44a

Figure 44b

Slide 42




Figure 45



Figure 46

Slide 50






Figure 48a

Figure 48b





Figure 49




Figure 410a-1

Figure 410a-2

Figure 410a-3

Figure 410a-4

Figure 410b-1

Figure 410b-2

Figure 410b-3



Figure 411a

Figure 411b


Figure 412


Slide 80




Figure 413



Figure 414



Figure 415

Figure 415-1

Figure 415-2

Figure 415-3

Slide 94






Figure 416-0

Figure 416-1

Figure 416-2

Figure 416-3

Figure 416-4

Figure 416-5

Figure 416-6



Figure 417



Video Chlamydomonas

Figure 418a

Figure 418b




Figure 418c-0

Figure 418c-1

Figure 418c-2




Figure 419





Figure 420


Figure 421


Table 4-22-0

Table 4-22-1

Table 4-22-2





Table 4-1

Figure 4UN02

Figure 4UN03

Figure 4UN04-0

Figure 4UN04-1

Figure 4UN04-2






















Figure 43-0

Fimbriae

Ribosomes

Nucleoid





Flagella


Figure 43-1Fimbriae

Ribosomes

Nucleoid





Figure 43-2
























flagella







Figure 44a



Golgi apparatus



Plasmamembrane

Peroxisome



CYTOSKELETON


Ribosomes


Figure 44b




Ribosomes

Plasmamembrane

Peroxisome

Mitochondrion


CYTOSKELETON


apparatus


Chloroplast

Centralvacuole


















Figure 45



Ribosome

Pore Chromatin












Figure 46

Rough ER


Protein

Ribosome

Free ribosomemRNA






















Figure 48a

Rough ER

Smooth ER

Ribosomes

Rough ERSmooth ER


Figure 48b

mRNA

1

2

3

4

Bound ribosome



Sugar chain

Rough ER






















Figure 49

Golgi apparatus

1

2

3

4














>


Figure 410a-1

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-2

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-3

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-4

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane

Digestion


Figure 410b-1

Lysosome



Figure 410b-2

Lysosome



Figure 410b-3

Lysosome









>


Figure 411a

Contractilevacuoles

Nucleus


Figure 411b

Central vacuole

Chloroplast

Nucleus





Figure 412

Nucleus

Smooth ER

Rough ER

Transport vesicle

Lysosome

Nuclear envelope

Golgi apparatus

Plasmamembrane

Transportvesicle






















Figure 413

Mitochondrion

Intermembranespace

Outermembrane

Innermembrane

CristaMatrix












Figure 414

Chloroplast

Granum

Stroma


Thylakoid











Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell




Nucleus




Nucleus


Mitochondrion





Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell









>




motor proteins move










Figure 416-0

Nucleus

Nucleus

Microtubule


10 nm

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-1

Nucleus

Microtubule

25 nm


Figure 416-2

Nucleus


10 nm


Figure 416-3

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-4

Nucleus


Figure 416-5

Nucleus


Figure 416-6











Figure 417








>


Video Chlamydomonas

>


Figure 418a

Cilia


Figure 418b

Flagellum














>


Figure 418c-0




Plasma membrane


Figure 418c-1





Figure 418c-2




Plasma membrane
















Figure 419

Collagen fiber

EXTRACELLULAR FLUID

CYTOPLASM



Integrin

Plasmamembrane










>



>



>


Figure 420

Tight junction

Anchoringjunction

Gap junction












Figure 421

Vacuole

Plant cellwalls

Plasmodesmata


Cytosol






communication


Table 4-22-0


Table 4-22-1


Table 4-22-2






membranes


















Table 4-1


Figure 4UN02


Figure 4UN03

a bc

d

e

f

g

h

i

jk

l


Figure 4UN04-0


Mark


Figure 4UN04-1


Mark


Figure 4UN04-2

Slide 1

Introduction

Introduction (2)

Figure 40-1

Figure 40-2

Slide 6





Figure 41a

Figure 41b

Figure 41c

Figure 41d

Figure 41e-0

Figure 41e-1

Figure 41e-2




Figure 42a



Figure 42b

Figure 4UN01






Figure 43-0

Figure 43-1

Figure 43-2







Figure 44a

Figure 44b

Slide 42




Figure 45



Figure 46

Slide 50






Figure 48a

Figure 48b





Figure 49




Figure 410a-1

Figure 410a-2

Figure 410a-3

Figure 410a-4

Figure 410b-1

Figure 410b-2

Figure 410b-3



Figure 411a

Figure 411b


Figure 412


Slide 80




Figure 413



Figure 414



Figure 415

Figure 415-1

Figure 415-2

Figure 415-3

Slide 94






Figure 416-0

Figure 416-1

Figure 416-2

Figure 416-3

Figure 416-4

Figure 416-5

Figure 416-6



Figure 417



Video Chlamydomonas

Figure 418a

Figure 418b




Figure 418c-0

Figure 418c-1

Figure 418c-2




Figure 419





Figure 420


Figure 421


Table 4-22-0

Table 4-22-1

Table 4-22-2





Table 4-1

Figure 4UN02

Figure 4UN03

Figure 4UN04-0

Figure 4UN04-1

Figure 4UN04-2


Figure 43-1Fimbriae

Ribosomes

Nucleoid





Figure 43-2
























flagella







Figure 44a



Golgi apparatus



Plasmamembrane

Peroxisome



CYTOSKELETON


Ribosomes


Figure 44b




Ribosomes

Plasmamembrane

Peroxisome

Mitochondrion


CYTOSKELETON


apparatus


Chloroplast

Centralvacuole


















Figure 45



Ribosome

Pore Chromatin












Figure 46

Rough ER


Protein

Ribosome

Free ribosomemRNA






















Figure 48a

Rough ER

Smooth ER

Ribosomes

Rough ERSmooth ER


Figure 48b

mRNA

1

2

3

4

Bound ribosome



Sugar chain

Rough ER






















Figure 49

Golgi apparatus

1

2

3

4














>


Figure 410a-1

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-2

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-3

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-4

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane

Digestion


Figure 410b-1

Lysosome



Figure 410b-2

Lysosome



Figure 410b-3

Lysosome









>


Figure 411a

Contractilevacuoles

Nucleus


Figure 411b

Central vacuole

Chloroplast

Nucleus





Figure 412

Nucleus

Smooth ER

Rough ER

Transport vesicle

Lysosome

Nuclear envelope

Golgi apparatus

Plasmamembrane

Transportvesicle






















Figure 413

Mitochondrion

Intermembranespace

Outermembrane

Innermembrane

CristaMatrix












Figure 414

Chloroplast

Granum

Stroma


Thylakoid











Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell




Nucleus




Nucleus


Mitochondrion





Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell









>




motor proteins move










Figure 416-0

Nucleus

Nucleus

Microtubule


10 nm

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-1

Nucleus

Microtubule

25 nm


Figure 416-2

Nucleus


10 nm


Figure 416-3

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-4

Nucleus


Figure 416-5

Nucleus


Figure 416-6











Figure 417








>


Video Chlamydomonas

>


Figure 418a

Cilia


Figure 418b

Flagellum














>


Figure 418c-0




Plasma membrane


Figure 418c-1





Figure 418c-2




Plasma membrane
















Figure 419

Collagen fiber

EXTRACELLULAR FLUID

CYTOPLASM



Integrin

Plasmamembrane










>



>



>


Figure 420

Tight junction

Anchoringjunction

Gap junction












Figure 421

Vacuole

Plant cellwalls

Plasmodesmata


Cytosol






communication


Table 4-22-0


Table 4-22-1


Table 4-22-2






membranes


















Table 4-1


Figure 4UN02


Figure 4UN03

a bc

d

e

f

g

h

i

jk

l


Figure 4UN04-0


Mark


Figure 4UN04-1


Mark


Figure 4UN04-2

Slide 1

Introduction

Introduction (2)

Figure 40-1

Figure 40-2

Slide 6





Figure 41a

Figure 41b

Figure 41c

Figure 41d

Figure 41e-0

Figure 41e-1

Figure 41e-2




Figure 42a



Figure 42b

Figure 4UN01






Figure 43-0

Figure 43-1

Figure 43-2







Figure 44a

Figure 44b

Slide 42




Figure 45



Figure 46

Slide 50






Figure 48a

Figure 48b





Figure 49




Figure 410a-1

Figure 410a-2

Figure 410a-3

Figure 410a-4

Figure 410b-1

Figure 410b-2

Figure 410b-3



Figure 411a

Figure 411b


Figure 412


Slide 80




Figure 413



Figure 414



Figure 415

Figure 415-1

Figure 415-2

Figure 415-3

Slide 94






Figure 416-0

Figure 416-1

Figure 416-2

Figure 416-3

Figure 416-4

Figure 416-5

Figure 416-6



Figure 417



Video Chlamydomonas

Figure 418a

Figure 418b




Figure 418c-0

Figure 418c-1

Figure 418c-2




Figure 419





Figure 420


Figure 421


Table 4-22-0

Table 4-22-1

Table 4-22-2





Table 4-1

Figure 4UN02

Figure 4UN03

Figure 4UN04-0

Figure 4UN04-1

Figure 4UN04-2


Figure 43-2
























flagella







Figure 44a



Golgi apparatus



Plasmamembrane

Peroxisome



CYTOSKELETON


Ribosomes


Figure 44b




Ribosomes

Plasmamembrane

Peroxisome

Mitochondrion


CYTOSKELETON


apparatus


Chloroplast

Centralvacuole


















Figure 45



Ribosome

Pore Chromatin












Figure 46

Rough ER


Protein

Ribosome

Free ribosomemRNA






















Figure 48a

Rough ER

Smooth ER

Ribosomes

Rough ERSmooth ER


Figure 48b

mRNA

1

2

3

4

Bound ribosome



Sugar chain

Rough ER






















Figure 49

Golgi apparatus

1

2

3

4














>


Figure 410a-1

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-2

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-3

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-4

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane

Digestion


Figure 410b-1

Lysosome



Figure 410b-2

Lysosome



Figure 410b-3

Lysosome









>


Figure 411a

Contractilevacuoles

Nucleus


Figure 411b

Central vacuole

Chloroplast

Nucleus





Figure 412

Nucleus

Smooth ER

Rough ER

Transport vesicle

Lysosome

Nuclear envelope

Golgi apparatus

Plasmamembrane

Transportvesicle






















Figure 413

Mitochondrion

Intermembranespace

Outermembrane

Innermembrane

CristaMatrix












Figure 414

Chloroplast

Granum

Stroma


Thylakoid











Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell




Nucleus




Nucleus


Mitochondrion





Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell









>




motor proteins move










Figure 416-0

Nucleus

Nucleus

Microtubule


10 nm

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-1

Nucleus

Microtubule

25 nm


Figure 416-2

Nucleus


10 nm


Figure 416-3

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-4

Nucleus


Figure 416-5

Nucleus


Figure 416-6











Figure 417








>


Video Chlamydomonas

>


Figure 418a

Cilia


Figure 418b

Flagellum














>


Figure 418c-0




Plasma membrane


Figure 418c-1





Figure 418c-2




Plasma membrane
















Figure 419

Collagen fiber

EXTRACELLULAR FLUID

CYTOPLASM



Integrin

Plasmamembrane










>



>



>


Figure 420

Tight junction

Anchoringjunction

Gap junction












Figure 421

Vacuole

Plant cellwalls

Plasmodesmata


Cytosol






communication


Table 4-22-0


Table 4-22-1


Table 4-22-2






membranes


















Table 4-1


Figure 4UN02


Figure 4UN03

a bc

d

e

f

g

h

i

jk

l


Figure 4UN04-0


Mark


Figure 4UN04-1


Mark


Figure 4UN04-2

Slide 1

Introduction

Introduction (2)

Figure 40-1

Figure 40-2

Slide 6





Figure 41a

Figure 41b

Figure 41c

Figure 41d

Figure 41e-0

Figure 41e-1

Figure 41e-2




Figure 42a



Figure 42b

Figure 4UN01






Figure 43-0

Figure 43-1

Figure 43-2







Figure 44a

Figure 44b

Slide 42




Figure 45



Figure 46

Slide 50






Figure 48a

Figure 48b





Figure 49




Figure 410a-1

Figure 410a-2

Figure 410a-3

Figure 410a-4

Figure 410b-1

Figure 410b-2

Figure 410b-3



Figure 411a

Figure 411b


Figure 412


Slide 80




Figure 413



Figure 414



Figure 415

Figure 415-1

Figure 415-2

Figure 415-3

Slide 94






Figure 416-0

Figure 416-1

Figure 416-2

Figure 416-3

Figure 416-4

Figure 416-5

Figure 416-6



Figure 417



Video Chlamydomonas

Figure 418a

Figure 418b




Figure 418c-0

Figure 418c-1

Figure 418c-2




Figure 419





Figure 420


Figure 421


Table 4-22-0

Table 4-22-1

Table 4-22-2





Table 4-1

Figure 4UN02

Figure 4UN03

Figure 4UN04-0

Figure 4UN04-1

Figure 4UN04-2























flagella







Figure 44a



Golgi apparatus



Plasmamembrane

Peroxisome



CYTOSKELETON


Ribosomes


Figure 44b




Ribosomes

Plasmamembrane

Peroxisome

Mitochondrion


CYTOSKELETON


apparatus


Chloroplast

Centralvacuole


















Figure 45



Ribosome

Pore Chromatin












Figure 46

Rough ER


Protein

Ribosome

Free ribosomemRNA






















Figure 48a

Rough ER

Smooth ER

Ribosomes

Rough ERSmooth ER


Figure 48b

mRNA

1

2

3

4

Bound ribosome



Sugar chain

Rough ER






















Figure 49

Golgi apparatus

1

2

3

4














>


Figure 410a-1

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-2

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-3

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-4

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane

Digestion


Figure 410b-1

Lysosome



Figure 410b-2

Lysosome



Figure 410b-3

Lysosome









>


Figure 411a

Contractilevacuoles

Nucleus


Figure 411b

Central vacuole

Chloroplast

Nucleus





Figure 412

Nucleus

Smooth ER

Rough ER

Transport vesicle

Lysosome

Nuclear envelope

Golgi apparatus

Plasmamembrane

Transportvesicle






















Figure 413

Mitochondrion

Intermembranespace

Outermembrane

Innermembrane

CristaMatrix












Figure 414

Chloroplast

Granum

Stroma


Thylakoid











Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell




Nucleus




Nucleus


Mitochondrion





Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell









>




motor proteins move










Figure 416-0

Nucleus

Nucleus

Microtubule


10 nm

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-1

Nucleus

Microtubule

25 nm


Figure 416-2

Nucleus


10 nm


Figure 416-3

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-4

Nucleus


Figure 416-5

Nucleus


Figure 416-6











Figure 417








>


Video Chlamydomonas

>


Figure 418a

Cilia


Figure 418b

Flagellum














>


Figure 418c-0




Plasma membrane


Figure 418c-1





Figure 418c-2




Plasma membrane
















Figure 419

Collagen fiber

EXTRACELLULAR FLUID

CYTOPLASM



Integrin

Plasmamembrane










>



>



>


Figure 420

Tight junction

Anchoringjunction

Gap junction












Figure 421

Vacuole

Plant cellwalls

Plasmodesmata


Cytosol






communication


Table 4-22-0


Table 4-22-1


Table 4-22-2






membranes


















Table 4-1


Figure 4UN02


Figure 4UN03

a bc

d

e

f

g

h

i

jk

l


Figure 4UN04-0


Mark


Figure 4UN04-1


Mark


Figure 4UN04-2

Slide 1

Introduction

Introduction (2)

Figure 40-1

Figure 40-2

Slide 6





Figure 41a

Figure 41b

Figure 41c

Figure 41d

Figure 41e-0

Figure 41e-1

Figure 41e-2




Figure 42a



Figure 42b

Figure 4UN01






Figure 43-0

Figure 43-1

Figure 43-2







Figure 44a

Figure 44b

Slide 42




Figure 45



Figure 46

Slide 50






Figure 48a

Figure 48b





Figure 49




Figure 410a-1

Figure 410a-2

Figure 410a-3

Figure 410a-4

Figure 410b-1

Figure 410b-2

Figure 410b-3



Figure 411a

Figure 411b


Figure 412


Slide 80




Figure 413



Figure 414



Figure 415

Figure 415-1

Figure 415-2

Figure 415-3

Slide 94






Figure 416-0

Figure 416-1

Figure 416-2

Figure 416-3

Figure 416-4

Figure 416-5

Figure 416-6



Figure 417



Video Chlamydomonas

Figure 418a

Figure 418b




Figure 418c-0

Figure 418c-1

Figure 418c-2




Figure 419





Figure 420


Figure 421


Table 4-22-0

Table 4-22-1

Table 4-22-2





Table 4-1

Figure 4UN02

Figure 4UN03

Figure 4UN04-0

Figure 4UN04-1

Figure 4UN04-2







Figure 44a



Golgi apparatus



Plasmamembrane

Peroxisome



CYTOSKELETON


Ribosomes


Figure 44b




Ribosomes

Plasmamembrane

Peroxisome

Mitochondrion


CYTOSKELETON


apparatus


Chloroplast

Centralvacuole


















Figure 45



Ribosome

Pore Chromatin












Figure 46

Rough ER


Protein

Ribosome

Free ribosomemRNA






















Figure 48a

Rough ER

Smooth ER

Ribosomes

Rough ERSmooth ER


Figure 48b

mRNA

1

2

3

4

Bound ribosome



Sugar chain

Rough ER






















Figure 49

Golgi apparatus

1

2

3

4














>


Figure 410a-1

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-2

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-3

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-4

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane

Digestion


Figure 410b-1

Lysosome



Figure 410b-2

Lysosome



Figure 410b-3

Lysosome









>


Figure 411a

Contractilevacuoles

Nucleus


Figure 411b

Central vacuole

Chloroplast

Nucleus





Figure 412

Nucleus

Smooth ER

Rough ER

Transport vesicle

Lysosome

Nuclear envelope

Golgi apparatus

Plasmamembrane

Transportvesicle






















Figure 413

Mitochondrion

Intermembranespace

Outermembrane

Innermembrane

CristaMatrix












Figure 414

Chloroplast

Granum

Stroma


Thylakoid











Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell




Nucleus




Nucleus


Mitochondrion





Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell









>




motor proteins move










Figure 416-0

Nucleus

Nucleus

Microtubule


10 nm

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-1

Nucleus

Microtubule

25 nm


Figure 416-2

Nucleus


10 nm


Figure 416-3

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-4

Nucleus


Figure 416-5

Nucleus


Figure 416-6











Figure 417








>


Video Chlamydomonas

>


Figure 418a

Cilia


Figure 418b

Flagellum














>


Figure 418c-0




Plasma membrane


Figure 418c-1





Figure 418c-2




Plasma membrane
















Figure 419

Collagen fiber

EXTRACELLULAR FLUID

CYTOPLASM



Integrin

Plasmamembrane










>



>



>


Figure 420

Tight junction

Anchoringjunction

Gap junction












Figure 421

Vacuole

Plant cellwalls

Plasmodesmata


Cytosol






communication


Table 4-22-0


Table 4-22-1


Table 4-22-2






membranes


















Table 4-1


Figure 4UN02


Figure 4UN03

a bc

d

e

f

g

h

i

jk

l


Figure 4UN04-0


Mark


Figure 4UN04-1


Mark


Figure 4UN04-2

Slide 1

Introduction

Introduction (2)

Figure 40-1

Figure 40-2

Slide 6





Figure 41a

Figure 41b

Figure 41c

Figure 41d

Figure 41e-0

Figure 41e-1

Figure 41e-2




Figure 42a



Figure 42b

Figure 4UN01






Figure 43-0

Figure 43-1

Figure 43-2







Figure 44a

Figure 44b

Slide 42




Figure 45



Figure 46

Slide 50






Figure 48a

Figure 48b





Figure 49




Figure 410a-1

Figure 410a-2

Figure 410a-3

Figure 410a-4

Figure 410b-1

Figure 410b-2

Figure 410b-3



Figure 411a

Figure 411b


Figure 412


Slide 80




Figure 413



Figure 414



Figure 415

Figure 415-1

Figure 415-2

Figure 415-3

Slide 94






Figure 416-0

Figure 416-1

Figure 416-2

Figure 416-3

Figure 416-4

Figure 416-5

Figure 416-6



Figure 417



Video Chlamydomonas

Figure 418a

Figure 418b




Figure 418c-0

Figure 418c-1

Figure 418c-2




Figure 419





Figure 420


Figure 421


Table 4-22-0

Table 4-22-1

Table 4-22-2





Table 4-1

Figure 4UN02

Figure 4UN03

Figure 4UN04-0

Figure 4UN04-1

Figure 4UN04-2


Figure 44b




Ribosomes

Plasmamembrane

Peroxisome

Mitochondrion


CYTOSKELETON


apparatus


Chloroplast

Centralvacuole


















Figure 45



Ribosome

Pore Chromatin












Figure 46

Rough ER


Protein

Ribosome

Free ribosomemRNA






















Figure 48a

Rough ER

Smooth ER

Ribosomes

Rough ERSmooth ER


Figure 48b

mRNA

1

2

3

4

Bound ribosome



Sugar chain

Rough ER






















Figure 49

Golgi apparatus

1

2

3

4














>


Figure 410a-1

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-2

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-3

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-4

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane

Digestion


Figure 410b-1

Lysosome



Figure 410b-2

Lysosome



Figure 410b-3

Lysosome









>


Figure 411a

Contractilevacuoles

Nucleus


Figure 411b

Central vacuole

Chloroplast

Nucleus





Figure 412

Nucleus

Smooth ER

Rough ER

Transport vesicle

Lysosome

Nuclear envelope

Golgi apparatus

Plasmamembrane

Transportvesicle






















Figure 413

Mitochondrion

Intermembranespace

Outermembrane

Innermembrane

CristaMatrix












Figure 414

Chloroplast

Granum

Stroma


Thylakoid











Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell




Nucleus




Nucleus


Mitochondrion





Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell









>




motor proteins move










Figure 416-0

Nucleus

Nucleus

Microtubule


10 nm

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-1

Nucleus

Microtubule

25 nm


Figure 416-2

Nucleus


10 nm


Figure 416-3

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-4

Nucleus


Figure 416-5

Nucleus


Figure 416-6











Figure 417








>


Video Chlamydomonas

>


Figure 418a

Cilia


Figure 418b

Flagellum














>


Figure 418c-0




Plasma membrane


Figure 418c-1





Figure 418c-2




Plasma membrane
















Figure 419

Collagen fiber

EXTRACELLULAR FLUID

CYTOPLASM



Integrin

Plasmamembrane










>



>



>


Figure 420

Tight junction

Anchoringjunction

Gap junction












Figure 421

Vacuole

Plant cellwalls

Plasmodesmata


Cytosol






communication


Table 4-22-0


Table 4-22-1


Table 4-22-2






membranes


















Table 4-1


Figure 4UN02


Figure 4UN03

a bc

d

e

f

g

h

i

jk

l


Figure 4UN04-0


Mark


Figure 4UN04-1


Mark


Figure 4UN04-2

Slide 1

Introduction

Introduction (2)

Figure 40-1

Figure 40-2

Slide 6





Figure 41a

Figure 41b

Figure 41c

Figure 41d

Figure 41e-0

Figure 41e-1

Figure 41e-2




Figure 42a



Figure 42b

Figure 4UN01






Figure 43-0

Figure 43-1

Figure 43-2







Figure 44a

Figure 44b

Slide 42




Figure 45



Figure 46

Slide 50






Figure 48a

Figure 48b





Figure 49




Figure 410a-1

Figure 410a-2

Figure 410a-3

Figure 410a-4

Figure 410b-1

Figure 410b-2

Figure 410b-3



Figure 411a

Figure 411b


Figure 412


Slide 80




Figure 413



Figure 414



Figure 415

Figure 415-1

Figure 415-2

Figure 415-3

Slide 94






Figure 416-0

Figure 416-1

Figure 416-2

Figure 416-3

Figure 416-4

Figure 416-5

Figure 416-6



Figure 417



Video Chlamydomonas

Figure 418a

Figure 418b




Figure 418c-0

Figure 418c-1

Figure 418c-2




Figure 419





Figure 420


Figure 421


Table 4-22-0

Table 4-22-1

Table 4-22-2





Table 4-1

Figure 4UN02

Figure 4UN03

Figure 4UN04-0

Figure 4UN04-1

Figure 4UN04-2


















Figure 45



Ribosome

Pore Chromatin












Figure 46

Rough ER


Protein

Ribosome

Free ribosomemRNA






















Figure 48a

Rough ER

Smooth ER

Ribosomes

Rough ERSmooth ER


Figure 48b

mRNA

1

2

3

4

Bound ribosome



Sugar chain

Rough ER






















Figure 49

Golgi apparatus

1

2

3

4














>


Figure 410a-1

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-2

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-3

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-4

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane

Digestion


Figure 410b-1

Lysosome



Figure 410b-2

Lysosome



Figure 410b-3

Lysosome









>


Figure 411a

Contractilevacuoles

Nucleus


Figure 411b

Central vacuole

Chloroplast

Nucleus





Figure 412

Nucleus

Smooth ER

Rough ER

Transport vesicle

Lysosome

Nuclear envelope

Golgi apparatus

Plasmamembrane

Transportvesicle






















Figure 413

Mitochondrion

Intermembranespace

Outermembrane

Innermembrane

CristaMatrix












Figure 414

Chloroplast

Granum

Stroma


Thylakoid











Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell




Nucleus




Nucleus


Mitochondrion





Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell









>




motor proteins move










Figure 416-0

Nucleus

Nucleus

Microtubule


10 nm

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-1

Nucleus

Microtubule

25 nm


Figure 416-2

Nucleus


10 nm


Figure 416-3

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-4

Nucleus


Figure 416-5

Nucleus


Figure 416-6











Figure 417








>


Video Chlamydomonas

>


Figure 418a

Cilia


Figure 418b

Flagellum














>


Figure 418c-0




Plasma membrane


Figure 418c-1





Figure 418c-2




Plasma membrane
















Figure 419

Collagen fiber

EXTRACELLULAR FLUID

CYTOPLASM



Integrin

Plasmamembrane










>



>



>


Figure 420

Tight junction

Anchoringjunction

Gap junction












Figure 421

Vacuole

Plant cellwalls

Plasmodesmata


Cytosol






communication


Table 4-22-0


Table 4-22-1


Table 4-22-2






membranes


















Table 4-1


Figure 4UN02


Figure 4UN03

a bc

d

e

f

g

h

i

jk

l


Figure 4UN04-0


Mark


Figure 4UN04-1


Mark


Figure 4UN04-2

Slide 1

Introduction

Introduction (2)

Figure 40-1

Figure 40-2

Slide 6





Figure 41a

Figure 41b

Figure 41c

Figure 41d

Figure 41e-0

Figure 41e-1

Figure 41e-2




Figure 42a



Figure 42b

Figure 4UN01






Figure 43-0

Figure 43-1

Figure 43-2







Figure 44a

Figure 44b

Slide 42




Figure 45



Figure 46

Slide 50






Figure 48a

Figure 48b





Figure 49




Figure 410a-1

Figure 410a-2

Figure 410a-3

Figure 410a-4

Figure 410b-1

Figure 410b-2

Figure 410b-3



Figure 411a

Figure 411b


Figure 412


Slide 80




Figure 413



Figure 414



Figure 415

Figure 415-1

Figure 415-2

Figure 415-3

Slide 94






Figure 416-0

Figure 416-1

Figure 416-2

Figure 416-3

Figure 416-4

Figure 416-5

Figure 416-6



Figure 417



Video Chlamydomonas

Figure 418a

Figure 418b




Figure 418c-0

Figure 418c-1

Figure 418c-2




Figure 419





Figure 420


Figure 421


Table 4-22-0

Table 4-22-1

Table 4-22-2





Table 4-1

Figure 4UN02

Figure 4UN03

Figure 4UN04-0

Figure 4UN04-1

Figure 4UN04-2












Figure 46

Rough ER


Protein

Ribosome

Free ribosomemRNA






















Figure 48a

Rough ER

Smooth ER

Ribosomes

Rough ERSmooth ER


Figure 48b

mRNA

1

2

3

4

Bound ribosome



Sugar chain

Rough ER






















Figure 49

Golgi apparatus

1

2

3

4














>


Figure 410a-1

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-2

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-3

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-4

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane

Digestion


Figure 410b-1

Lysosome



Figure 410b-2

Lysosome



Figure 410b-3

Lysosome









>


Figure 411a

Contractilevacuoles

Nucleus


Figure 411b

Central vacuole

Chloroplast

Nucleus





Figure 412

Nucleus

Smooth ER

Rough ER

Transport vesicle

Lysosome

Nuclear envelope

Golgi apparatus

Plasmamembrane

Transportvesicle






















Figure 413

Mitochondrion

Intermembranespace

Outermembrane

Innermembrane

CristaMatrix












Figure 414

Chloroplast

Granum

Stroma


Thylakoid











Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell




Nucleus




Nucleus


Mitochondrion





Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell









>




motor proteins move










Figure 416-0

Nucleus

Nucleus

Microtubule


10 nm

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-1

Nucleus

Microtubule

25 nm


Figure 416-2

Nucleus


10 nm


Figure 416-3

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-4

Nucleus


Figure 416-5

Nucleus


Figure 416-6











Figure 417








>


Video Chlamydomonas

>


Figure 418a

Cilia


Figure 418b

Flagellum














>


Figure 418c-0




Plasma membrane


Figure 418c-1





Figure 418c-2




Plasma membrane
















Figure 419

Collagen fiber

EXTRACELLULAR FLUID

CYTOPLASM



Integrin

Plasmamembrane










>



>



>


Figure 420

Tight junction

Anchoringjunction

Gap junction












Figure 421

Vacuole

Plant cellwalls

Plasmodesmata


Cytosol






communication


Table 4-22-0


Table 4-22-1


Table 4-22-2






membranes


















Table 4-1


Figure 4UN02


Figure 4UN03

a bc

d

e

f

g

h

i

jk

l


Figure 4UN04-0


Mark


Figure 4UN04-1


Mark


Figure 4UN04-2

Slide 1

Introduction

Introduction (2)

Figure 40-1

Figure 40-2

Slide 6





Figure 41a

Figure 41b

Figure 41c

Figure 41d

Figure 41e-0

Figure 41e-1

Figure 41e-2




Figure 42a



Figure 42b

Figure 4UN01






Figure 43-0

Figure 43-1

Figure 43-2







Figure 44a

Figure 44b

Slide 42




Figure 45



Figure 46

Slide 50






Figure 48a

Figure 48b





Figure 49




Figure 410a-1

Figure 410a-2

Figure 410a-3

Figure 410a-4

Figure 410b-1

Figure 410b-2

Figure 410b-3



Figure 411a

Figure 411b


Figure 412


Slide 80




Figure 413



Figure 414



Figure 415

Figure 415-1

Figure 415-2

Figure 415-3

Slide 94






Figure 416-0

Figure 416-1

Figure 416-2

Figure 416-3

Figure 416-4

Figure 416-5

Figure 416-6



Figure 417



Video Chlamydomonas

Figure 418a

Figure 418b




Figure 418c-0

Figure 418c-1

Figure 418c-2




Figure 419





Figure 420


Figure 421


Table 4-22-0

Table 4-22-1

Table 4-22-2





Table 4-1

Figure 4UN02

Figure 4UN03

Figure 4UN04-0

Figure 4UN04-1

Figure 4UN04-2






















Figure 48a

Rough ER

Smooth ER

Ribosomes

Rough ERSmooth ER


Figure 48b

mRNA

1

2

3

4

Bound ribosome



Sugar chain

Rough ER






















Figure 49

Golgi apparatus

1

2

3

4














>


Figure 410a-1

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-2

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-3

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-4

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane

Digestion


Figure 410b-1

Lysosome



Figure 410b-2

Lysosome



Figure 410b-3

Lysosome









>


Figure 411a

Contractilevacuoles

Nucleus


Figure 411b

Central vacuole

Chloroplast

Nucleus





Figure 412

Nucleus

Smooth ER

Rough ER

Transport vesicle

Lysosome

Nuclear envelope

Golgi apparatus

Plasmamembrane

Transportvesicle






















Figure 413

Mitochondrion

Intermembranespace

Outermembrane

Innermembrane

CristaMatrix












Figure 414

Chloroplast

Granum

Stroma


Thylakoid











Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell




Nucleus




Nucleus


Mitochondrion





Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell









>




motor proteins move










Figure 416-0

Nucleus

Nucleus

Microtubule


10 nm

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-1

Nucleus

Microtubule

25 nm


Figure 416-2

Nucleus


10 nm


Figure 416-3

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-4

Nucleus


Figure 416-5

Nucleus


Figure 416-6











Figure 417








>


Video Chlamydomonas

>


Figure 418a

Cilia


Figure 418b

Flagellum














>


Figure 418c-0




Plasma membrane


Figure 418c-1





Figure 418c-2




Plasma membrane
















Figure 419

Collagen fiber

EXTRACELLULAR FLUID

CYTOPLASM



Integrin

Plasmamembrane










>



>



>


Figure 420

Tight junction

Anchoringjunction

Gap junction












Figure 421

Vacuole

Plant cellwalls

Plasmodesmata


Cytosol






communication


Table 4-22-0


Table 4-22-1


Table 4-22-2






membranes


















Table 4-1


Figure 4UN02


Figure 4UN03

a bc

d

e

f

g

h

i

jk

l


Figure 4UN04-0


Mark


Figure 4UN04-1


Mark


Figure 4UN04-2

Slide 1

Introduction

Introduction (2)

Figure 40-1

Figure 40-2

Slide 6





Figure 41a

Figure 41b

Figure 41c

Figure 41d

Figure 41e-0

Figure 41e-1

Figure 41e-2




Figure 42a



Figure 42b

Figure 4UN01






Figure 43-0

Figure 43-1

Figure 43-2







Figure 44a

Figure 44b

Slide 42




Figure 45



Figure 46

Slide 50






Figure 48a

Figure 48b





Figure 49




Figure 410a-1

Figure 410a-2

Figure 410a-3

Figure 410a-4

Figure 410b-1

Figure 410b-2

Figure 410b-3



Figure 411a

Figure 411b


Figure 412


Slide 80




Figure 413



Figure 414



Figure 415

Figure 415-1

Figure 415-2

Figure 415-3

Slide 94






Figure 416-0

Figure 416-1

Figure 416-2

Figure 416-3

Figure 416-4

Figure 416-5

Figure 416-6



Figure 417



Video Chlamydomonas

Figure 418a

Figure 418b




Figure 418c-0

Figure 418c-1

Figure 418c-2




Figure 419





Figure 420


Figure 421


Table 4-22-0

Table 4-22-1

Table 4-22-2





Table 4-1

Figure 4UN02

Figure 4UN03

Figure 4UN04-0

Figure 4UN04-1

Figure 4UN04-2


Figure 48b

mRNA

1

2

3

4

Bound ribosome



Sugar chain

Rough ER






















Figure 49

Golgi apparatus

1

2

3

4














>


Figure 410a-1

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-2

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-3

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-4

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane

Digestion


Figure 410b-1

Lysosome



Figure 410b-2

Lysosome



Figure 410b-3

Lysosome









>


Figure 411a

Contractilevacuoles

Nucleus


Figure 411b

Central vacuole

Chloroplast

Nucleus





Figure 412

Nucleus

Smooth ER

Rough ER

Transport vesicle

Lysosome

Nuclear envelope

Golgi apparatus

Plasmamembrane

Transportvesicle






















Figure 413

Mitochondrion

Intermembranespace

Outermembrane

Innermembrane

CristaMatrix












Figure 414

Chloroplast

Granum

Stroma


Thylakoid











Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell




Nucleus




Nucleus


Mitochondrion





Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell









>




motor proteins move










Figure 416-0

Nucleus

Nucleus

Microtubule


10 nm

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-1

Nucleus

Microtubule

25 nm


Figure 416-2

Nucleus


10 nm


Figure 416-3

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-4

Nucleus


Figure 416-5

Nucleus


Figure 416-6











Figure 417








>


Video Chlamydomonas

>


Figure 418a

Cilia


Figure 418b

Flagellum














>


Figure 418c-0




Plasma membrane


Figure 418c-1





Figure 418c-2




Plasma membrane
















Figure 419

Collagen fiber

EXTRACELLULAR FLUID

CYTOPLASM



Integrin

Plasmamembrane










>



>



>


Figure 420

Tight junction

Anchoringjunction

Gap junction












Figure 421

Vacuole

Plant cellwalls

Plasmodesmata


Cytosol






communication


Table 4-22-0


Table 4-22-1


Table 4-22-2






membranes


















Table 4-1


Figure 4UN02


Figure 4UN03

a bc

d

e

f

g

h

i

jk

l


Figure 4UN04-0


Mark


Figure 4UN04-1


Mark


Figure 4UN04-2

Slide 1

Introduction

Introduction (2)

Figure 40-1

Figure 40-2

Slide 6





Figure 41a

Figure 41b

Figure 41c

Figure 41d

Figure 41e-0

Figure 41e-1

Figure 41e-2




Figure 42a



Figure 42b

Figure 4UN01






Figure 43-0

Figure 43-1

Figure 43-2







Figure 44a

Figure 44b

Slide 42




Figure 45



Figure 46

Slide 50






Figure 48a

Figure 48b





Figure 49




Figure 410a-1

Figure 410a-2

Figure 410a-3

Figure 410a-4

Figure 410b-1

Figure 410b-2

Figure 410b-3



Figure 411a

Figure 411b


Figure 412


Slide 80




Figure 413



Figure 414



Figure 415

Figure 415-1

Figure 415-2

Figure 415-3

Slide 94






Figure 416-0

Figure 416-1

Figure 416-2

Figure 416-3

Figure 416-4

Figure 416-5

Figure 416-6



Figure 417



Video Chlamydomonas

Figure 418a

Figure 418b




Figure 418c-0

Figure 418c-1

Figure 418c-2




Figure 419





Figure 420


Figure 421


Table 4-22-0

Table 4-22-1

Table 4-22-2





Table 4-1

Figure 4UN02

Figure 4UN03

Figure 4UN04-0

Figure 4UN04-1

Figure 4UN04-2





















Figure 49

Golgi apparatus

1

2

3

4














>


Figure 410a-1

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-2

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-3

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-4

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane

Digestion


Figure 410b-1

Lysosome



Figure 410b-2

Lysosome



Figure 410b-3

Lysosome









>


Figure 411a

Contractilevacuoles

Nucleus


Figure 411b

Central vacuole

Chloroplast

Nucleus





Figure 412

Nucleus

Smooth ER

Rough ER

Transport vesicle

Lysosome

Nuclear envelope

Golgi apparatus

Plasmamembrane

Transportvesicle






















Figure 413

Mitochondrion

Intermembranespace

Outermembrane

Innermembrane

CristaMatrix












Figure 414

Chloroplast

Granum

Stroma


Thylakoid











Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell




Nucleus




Nucleus


Mitochondrion





Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell









>




motor proteins move










Figure 416-0

Nucleus

Nucleus

Microtubule


10 nm

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-1

Nucleus

Microtubule

25 nm


Figure 416-2

Nucleus


10 nm


Figure 416-3

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-4

Nucleus


Figure 416-5

Nucleus


Figure 416-6











Figure 417








>


Video Chlamydomonas

>


Figure 418a

Cilia


Figure 418b

Flagellum














>


Figure 418c-0




Plasma membrane


Figure 418c-1





Figure 418c-2




Plasma membrane
















Figure 419

Collagen fiber

EXTRACELLULAR FLUID

CYTOPLASM



Integrin

Plasmamembrane










>



>



>


Figure 420

Tight junction

Anchoringjunction

Gap junction












Figure 421

Vacuole

Plant cellwalls

Plasmodesmata


Cytosol






communication


Table 4-22-0


Table 4-22-1


Table 4-22-2






membranes


















Table 4-1


Figure 4UN02


Figure 4UN03

a bc

d

e

f

g

h

i

jk

l


Figure 4UN04-0


Mark


Figure 4UN04-1


Mark


Figure 4UN04-2

Slide 1

Introduction

Introduction (2)

Figure 40-1

Figure 40-2

Slide 6





Figure 41a

Figure 41b

Figure 41c

Figure 41d

Figure 41e-0

Figure 41e-1

Figure 41e-2




Figure 42a



Figure 42b

Figure 4UN01






Figure 43-0

Figure 43-1

Figure 43-2







Figure 44a

Figure 44b

Slide 42




Figure 45



Figure 46

Slide 50






Figure 48a

Figure 48b





Figure 49




Figure 410a-1

Figure 410a-2

Figure 410a-3

Figure 410a-4

Figure 410b-1

Figure 410b-2

Figure 410b-3



Figure 411a

Figure 411b


Figure 412


Slide 80




Figure 413



Figure 414



Figure 415

Figure 415-1

Figure 415-2

Figure 415-3

Slide 94






Figure 416-0

Figure 416-1

Figure 416-2

Figure 416-3

Figure 416-4

Figure 416-5

Figure 416-6



Figure 417



Video Chlamydomonas

Figure 418a

Figure 418b




Figure 418c-0

Figure 418c-1

Figure 418c-2




Figure 419





Figure 420


Figure 421


Table 4-22-0

Table 4-22-1

Table 4-22-2





Table 4-1

Figure 4UN02

Figure 4UN03

Figure 4UN04-0

Figure 4UN04-1

Figure 4UN04-2











>


Figure 410a-1

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-2

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-3

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-4

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane

Digestion


Figure 410b-1

Lysosome



Figure 410b-2

Lysosome



Figure 410b-3

Lysosome









>


Figure 411a

Contractilevacuoles

Nucleus


Figure 411b

Central vacuole

Chloroplast

Nucleus





Figure 412

Nucleus

Smooth ER

Rough ER

Transport vesicle

Lysosome

Nuclear envelope

Golgi apparatus

Plasmamembrane

Transportvesicle






















Figure 413

Mitochondrion

Intermembranespace

Outermembrane

Innermembrane

CristaMatrix












Figure 414

Chloroplast

Granum

Stroma


Thylakoid











Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell




Nucleus




Nucleus


Mitochondrion





Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell









>




motor proteins move










Figure 416-0

Nucleus

Nucleus

Microtubule


10 nm

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-1

Nucleus

Microtubule

25 nm


Figure 416-2

Nucleus


10 nm


Figure 416-3

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-4

Nucleus


Figure 416-5

Nucleus


Figure 416-6











Figure 417








>


Video Chlamydomonas

>


Figure 418a

Cilia


Figure 418b

Flagellum














>


Figure 418c-0




Plasma membrane


Figure 418c-1





Figure 418c-2




Plasma membrane
















Figure 419

Collagen fiber

EXTRACELLULAR FLUID

CYTOPLASM



Integrin

Plasmamembrane










>



>



>


Figure 420

Tight junction

Anchoringjunction

Gap junction












Figure 421

Vacuole

Plant cellwalls

Plasmodesmata


Cytosol






communication


Table 4-22-0


Table 4-22-1


Table 4-22-2






membranes


















Table 4-1


Figure 4UN02


Figure 4UN03

a bc

d

e

f

g

h

i

jk

l


Figure 4UN04-0


Mark


Figure 4UN04-1


Mark


Figure 4UN04-2

Slide 1

Introduction

Introduction (2)

Figure 40-1

Figure 40-2

Slide 6





Figure 41a

Figure 41b

Figure 41c

Figure 41d

Figure 41e-0

Figure 41e-1

Figure 41e-2




Figure 42a



Figure 42b

Figure 4UN01






Figure 43-0

Figure 43-1

Figure 43-2







Figure 44a

Figure 44b

Slide 42




Figure 45



Figure 46

Slide 50






Figure 48a

Figure 48b





Figure 49




Figure 410a-1

Figure 410a-2

Figure 410a-3

Figure 410a-4

Figure 410b-1

Figure 410b-2

Figure 410b-3



Figure 411a

Figure 411b


Figure 412


Slide 80




Figure 413



Figure 414



Figure 415

Figure 415-1

Figure 415-2

Figure 415-3

Slide 94






Figure 416-0

Figure 416-1

Figure 416-2

Figure 416-3

Figure 416-4

Figure 416-5

Figure 416-6



Figure 417



Video Chlamydomonas

Figure 418a

Figure 418b




Figure 418c-0

Figure 418c-1

Figure 418c-2




Figure 419





Figure 420


Figure 421


Table 4-22-0

Table 4-22-1

Table 4-22-2





Table 4-1

Figure 4UN02

Figure 4UN03

Figure 4UN04-0

Figure 4UN04-1

Figure 4UN04-2


Figure 410a-1

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-2

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-3

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-4

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane

Digestion


Figure 410b-1

Lysosome



Figure 410b-2

Lysosome



Figure 410b-3

Lysosome









>


Figure 411a

Contractilevacuoles

Nucleus


Figure 411b

Central vacuole

Chloroplast

Nucleus





Figure 412

Nucleus

Smooth ER

Rough ER

Transport vesicle

Lysosome

Nuclear envelope

Golgi apparatus

Plasmamembrane

Transportvesicle






















Figure 413

Mitochondrion

Intermembranespace

Outermembrane

Innermembrane

CristaMatrix












Figure 414

Chloroplast

Granum

Stroma


Thylakoid











Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell




Nucleus




Nucleus


Mitochondrion





Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell









>




motor proteins move










Figure 416-0

Nucleus

Nucleus

Microtubule


10 nm

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-1

Nucleus

Microtubule

25 nm


Figure 416-2

Nucleus


10 nm


Figure 416-3

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-4

Nucleus


Figure 416-5

Nucleus


Figure 416-6











Figure 417








>


Video Chlamydomonas

>


Figure 418a

Cilia


Figure 418b

Flagellum














>


Figure 418c-0




Plasma membrane


Figure 418c-1





Figure 418c-2




Plasma membrane
















Figure 419

Collagen fiber

EXTRACELLULAR FLUID

CYTOPLASM



Integrin

Plasmamembrane










>



>



>


Figure 420

Tight junction

Anchoringjunction

Gap junction












Figure 421

Vacuole

Plant cellwalls

Plasmodesmata


Cytosol






communication


Table 4-22-0


Table 4-22-1


Table 4-22-2






membranes


















Table 4-1


Figure 4UN02


Figure 4UN03

a bc

d

e

f

g

h

i

jk

l


Figure 4UN04-0


Mark


Figure 4UN04-1


Mark


Figure 4UN04-2

Slide 1

Introduction

Introduction (2)

Figure 40-1

Figure 40-2

Slide 6





Figure 41a

Figure 41b

Figure 41c

Figure 41d

Figure 41e-0

Figure 41e-1

Figure 41e-2




Figure 42a



Figure 42b

Figure 4UN01






Figure 43-0

Figure 43-1

Figure 43-2







Figure 44a

Figure 44b

Slide 42




Figure 45



Figure 46

Slide 50






Figure 48a

Figure 48b





Figure 49




Figure 410a-1

Figure 410a-2

Figure 410a-3

Figure 410a-4

Figure 410b-1

Figure 410b-2

Figure 410b-3



Figure 411a

Figure 411b


Figure 412


Slide 80




Figure 413



Figure 414



Figure 415

Figure 415-1

Figure 415-2

Figure 415-3

Slide 94






Figure 416-0

Figure 416-1

Figure 416-2

Figure 416-3

Figure 416-4

Figure 416-5

Figure 416-6



Figure 417



Video Chlamydomonas

Figure 418a

Figure 418b




Figure 418c-0

Figure 418c-1

Figure 418c-2




Figure 419





Figure 420


Figure 421


Table 4-22-0

Table 4-22-1

Table 4-22-2





Table 4-1

Figure 4UN02

Figure 4UN03

Figure 4UN04-0

Figure 4UN04-1

Figure 4UN04-2


Figure 410a-2

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-3

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-4

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane

Digestion


Figure 410b-1

Lysosome



Figure 410b-2

Lysosome



Figure 410b-3

Lysosome









>


Figure 411a

Contractilevacuoles

Nucleus


Figure 411b

Central vacuole

Chloroplast

Nucleus





Figure 412

Nucleus

Smooth ER

Rough ER

Transport vesicle

Lysosome

Nuclear envelope

Golgi apparatus

Plasmamembrane

Transportvesicle






















Figure 413

Mitochondrion

Intermembranespace

Outermembrane

Innermembrane

CristaMatrix












Figure 414

Chloroplast

Granum

Stroma


Thylakoid











Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell




Nucleus




Nucleus


Mitochondrion





Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell









>




motor proteins move










Figure 416-0

Nucleus

Nucleus

Microtubule


10 nm

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-1

Nucleus

Microtubule

25 nm


Figure 416-2

Nucleus


10 nm


Figure 416-3

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-4

Nucleus


Figure 416-5

Nucleus


Figure 416-6











Figure 417








>


Video Chlamydomonas

>


Figure 418a

Cilia


Figure 418b

Flagellum














>


Figure 418c-0




Plasma membrane


Figure 418c-1





Figure 418c-2




Plasma membrane
















Figure 419

Collagen fiber

EXTRACELLULAR FLUID

CYTOPLASM



Integrin

Plasmamembrane










>



>



>


Figure 420

Tight junction

Anchoringjunction

Gap junction












Figure 421

Vacuole

Plant cellwalls

Plasmodesmata


Cytosol






communication


Table 4-22-0


Table 4-22-1


Table 4-22-2






membranes


















Table 4-1


Figure 4UN02


Figure 4UN03

a bc

d

e

f

g

h

i

jk

l


Figure 4UN04-0


Mark


Figure 4UN04-1


Mark


Figure 4UN04-2

Slide 1

Introduction

Introduction (2)

Figure 40-1

Figure 40-2

Slide 6





Figure 41a

Figure 41b

Figure 41c

Figure 41d

Figure 41e-0

Figure 41e-1

Figure 41e-2




Figure 42a



Figure 42b

Figure 4UN01






Figure 43-0

Figure 43-1

Figure 43-2







Figure 44a

Figure 44b

Slide 42




Figure 45



Figure 46

Slide 50






Figure 48a

Figure 48b





Figure 49




Figure 410a-1

Figure 410a-2

Figure 410a-3

Figure 410a-4

Figure 410b-1

Figure 410b-2

Figure 410b-3



Figure 411a

Figure 411b


Figure 412


Slide 80




Figure 413



Figure 414



Figure 415

Figure 415-1

Figure 415-2

Figure 415-3

Slide 94






Figure 416-0

Figure 416-1

Figure 416-2

Figure 416-3

Figure 416-4

Figure 416-5

Figure 416-6



Figure 417



Video Chlamydomonas

Figure 418a

Figure 418b




Figure 418c-0

Figure 418c-1

Figure 418c-2




Figure 419





Figure 420


Figure 421


Table 4-22-0

Table 4-22-1

Table 4-22-2





Table 4-1

Figure 4UN02

Figure 4UN03

Figure 4UN04-0

Figure 4UN04-1

Figure 4UN04-2


Figure 410a-3

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane


Figure 410a-4

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane

Digestion


Figure 410b-1

Lysosome



Figure 410b-2

Lysosome



Figure 410b-3

Lysosome









>


Figure 411a

Contractilevacuoles

Nucleus


Figure 411b

Central vacuole

Chloroplast

Nucleus





Figure 412

Nucleus

Smooth ER

Rough ER

Transport vesicle

Lysosome

Nuclear envelope

Golgi apparatus

Plasmamembrane

Transportvesicle






















Figure 413

Mitochondrion

Intermembranespace

Outermembrane

Innermembrane

CristaMatrix












Figure 414

Chloroplast

Granum

Stroma


Thylakoid











Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell




Nucleus




Nucleus


Mitochondrion





Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell









>




motor proteins move










Figure 416-0

Nucleus

Nucleus

Microtubule


10 nm

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-1

Nucleus

Microtubule

25 nm


Figure 416-2

Nucleus


10 nm


Figure 416-3

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-4

Nucleus


Figure 416-5

Nucleus


Figure 416-6











Figure 417








>


Video Chlamydomonas

>


Figure 418a

Cilia


Figure 418b

Flagellum














>


Figure 418c-0




Plasma membrane


Figure 418c-1





Figure 418c-2




Plasma membrane
















Figure 419

Collagen fiber

EXTRACELLULAR FLUID

CYTOPLASM



Integrin

Plasmamembrane










>



>



>


Figure 420

Tight junction

Anchoringjunction

Gap junction












Figure 421

Vacuole

Plant cellwalls

Plasmodesmata


Cytosol






communication


Table 4-22-0


Table 4-22-1


Table 4-22-2






membranes


















Table 4-1


Figure 4UN02


Figure 4UN03

a bc

d

e

f

g

h

i

jk

l


Figure 4UN04-0


Mark


Figure 4UN04-1


Mark


Figure 4UN04-2

Slide 1

Introduction

Introduction (2)

Figure 40-1

Figure 40-2

Slide 6





Figure 41a

Figure 41b

Figure 41c

Figure 41d

Figure 41e-0

Figure 41e-1

Figure 41e-2




Figure 42a



Figure 42b

Figure 4UN01






Figure 43-0

Figure 43-1

Figure 43-2







Figure 44a

Figure 44b

Slide 42




Figure 45



Figure 46

Slide 50






Figure 48a

Figure 48b





Figure 49




Figure 410a-1

Figure 410a-2

Figure 410a-3

Figure 410a-4

Figure 410b-1

Figure 410b-2

Figure 410b-3



Figure 411a

Figure 411b


Figure 412


Slide 80




Figure 413



Figure 414



Figure 415

Figure 415-1

Figure 415-2

Figure 415-3

Slide 94






Figure 416-0

Figure 416-1

Figure 416-2

Figure 416-3

Figure 416-4

Figure 416-5

Figure 416-6



Figure 417



Video Chlamydomonas

Figure 418a

Figure 418b




Figure 418c-0

Figure 418c-1

Figure 418c-2




Figure 419





Figure 420


Figure 421


Table 4-22-0

Table 4-22-1

Table 4-22-2





Table 4-1

Figure 4UN02

Figure 4UN03

Figure 4UN04-0

Figure 4UN04-1

Figure 4UN04-2


Figure 410a-4

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Food vacuole

Plasma membrane

Digestion


Figure 410b-1

Lysosome



Figure 410b-2

Lysosome



Figure 410b-3

Lysosome









>


Figure 411a

Contractilevacuoles

Nucleus


Figure 411b

Central vacuole

Chloroplast

Nucleus





Figure 412

Nucleus

Smooth ER

Rough ER

Transport vesicle

Lysosome

Nuclear envelope

Golgi apparatus

Plasmamembrane

Transportvesicle






















Figure 413

Mitochondrion

Intermembranespace

Outermembrane

Innermembrane

CristaMatrix












Figure 414

Chloroplast

Granum

Stroma


Thylakoid











Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell




Nucleus




Nucleus


Mitochondrion





Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell









>




motor proteins move










Figure 416-0

Nucleus

Nucleus

Microtubule


10 nm

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-1

Nucleus

Microtubule

25 nm


Figure 416-2

Nucleus


10 nm


Figure 416-3

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-4

Nucleus


Figure 416-5

Nucleus


Figure 416-6











Figure 417








>


Video Chlamydomonas

>


Figure 418a

Cilia


Figure 418b

Flagellum














>


Figure 418c-0




Plasma membrane


Figure 418c-1





Figure 418c-2




Plasma membrane
















Figure 419

Collagen fiber

EXTRACELLULAR FLUID

CYTOPLASM



Integrin

Plasmamembrane










>



>



>


Figure 420

Tight junction

Anchoringjunction

Gap junction












Figure 421

Vacuole

Plant cellwalls

Plasmodesmata


Cytosol






communication


Table 4-22-0


Table 4-22-1


Table 4-22-2






membranes


















Table 4-1


Figure 4UN02


Figure 4UN03

a bc

d

e

f

g

h

i

jk

l


Figure 4UN04-0


Mark


Figure 4UN04-1


Mark


Figure 4UN04-2

Slide 1

Introduction

Introduction (2)

Figure 40-1

Figure 40-2

Slide 6





Figure 41a

Figure 41b

Figure 41c

Figure 41d

Figure 41e-0

Figure 41e-1

Figure 41e-2




Figure 42a



Figure 42b

Figure 4UN01






Figure 43-0

Figure 43-1

Figure 43-2







Figure 44a

Figure 44b

Slide 42




Figure 45



Figure 46

Slide 50






Figure 48a

Figure 48b





Figure 49




Figure 410a-1

Figure 410a-2

Figure 410a-3

Figure 410a-4

Figure 410b-1

Figure 410b-2

Figure 410b-3



Figure 411a

Figure 411b


Figure 412


Slide 80




Figure 413



Figure 414



Figure 415

Figure 415-1

Figure 415-2

Figure 415-3

Slide 94






Figure 416-0

Figure 416-1

Figure 416-2

Figure 416-3

Figure 416-4

Figure 416-5

Figure 416-6



Figure 417



Video Chlamydomonas

Figure 418a

Figure 418b




Figure 418c-0

Figure 418c-1

Figure 418c-2




Figure 419





Figure 420


Figure 421


Table 4-22-0

Table 4-22-1

Table 4-22-2





Table 4-1

Figure 4UN02

Figure 4UN03

Figure 4UN04-0

Figure 4UN04-1

Figure 4UN04-2


Figure 410b-1

Lysosome



Figure 410b-2

Lysosome



Figure 410b-3

Lysosome









>


Figure 411a

Contractilevacuoles

Nucleus


Figure 411b

Central vacuole

Chloroplast

Nucleus





Figure 412

Nucleus

Smooth ER

Rough ER

Transport vesicle

Lysosome

Nuclear envelope

Golgi apparatus

Plasmamembrane

Transportvesicle






















Figure 413

Mitochondrion

Intermembranespace

Outermembrane

Innermembrane

CristaMatrix












Figure 414

Chloroplast

Granum

Stroma


Thylakoid











Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell




Nucleus




Nucleus


Mitochondrion





Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell









>




motor proteins move










Figure 416-0

Nucleus

Nucleus

Microtubule


10 nm

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-1

Nucleus

Microtubule

25 nm


Figure 416-2

Nucleus


10 nm


Figure 416-3

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-4

Nucleus


Figure 416-5

Nucleus


Figure 416-6











Figure 417








>


Video Chlamydomonas

>


Figure 418a

Cilia


Figure 418b

Flagellum














>


Figure 418c-0




Plasma membrane


Figure 418c-1





Figure 418c-2




Plasma membrane
















Figure 419

Collagen fiber

EXTRACELLULAR FLUID

CYTOPLASM



Integrin

Plasmamembrane










>



>



>


Figure 420

Tight junction

Anchoringjunction

Gap junction












Figure 421

Vacuole

Plant cellwalls

Plasmodesmata


Cytosol






communication


Table 4-22-0


Table 4-22-1


Table 4-22-2






membranes


















Table 4-1


Figure 4UN02


Figure 4UN03

a bc

d

e

f

g

h

i

jk

l


Figure 4UN04-0


Mark


Figure 4UN04-1


Mark


Figure 4UN04-2

Slide 1

Introduction

Introduction (2)

Figure 40-1

Figure 40-2

Slide 6





Figure 41a

Figure 41b

Figure 41c

Figure 41d

Figure 41e-0

Figure 41e-1

Figure 41e-2




Figure 42a



Figure 42b

Figure 4UN01






Figure 43-0

Figure 43-1

Figure 43-2







Figure 44a

Figure 44b

Slide 42




Figure 45



Figure 46

Slide 50






Figure 48a

Figure 48b





Figure 49




Figure 410a-1

Figure 410a-2

Figure 410a-3

Figure 410a-4

Figure 410b-1

Figure 410b-2

Figure 410b-3



Figure 411a

Figure 411b


Figure 412


Slide 80




Figure 413



Figure 414



Figure 415

Figure 415-1

Figure 415-2

Figure 415-3

Slide 94






Figure 416-0

Figure 416-1

Figure 416-2

Figure 416-3

Figure 416-4

Figure 416-5

Figure 416-6



Figure 417



Video Chlamydomonas

Figure 418a

Figure 418b




Figure 418c-0

Figure 418c-1

Figure 418c-2




Figure 419





Figure 420


Figure 421


Table 4-22-0

Table 4-22-1

Table 4-22-2





Table 4-1

Figure 4UN02

Figure 4UN03

Figure 4UN04-0

Figure 4UN04-1

Figure 4UN04-2


Figure 410b-2

Lysosome



Figure 410b-3

Lysosome









>


Figure 411a

Contractilevacuoles

Nucleus


Figure 411b

Central vacuole

Chloroplast

Nucleus





Figure 412

Nucleus

Smooth ER

Rough ER

Transport vesicle

Lysosome

Nuclear envelope

Golgi apparatus

Plasmamembrane

Transportvesicle






















Figure 413

Mitochondrion

Intermembranespace

Outermembrane

Innermembrane

CristaMatrix












Figure 414

Chloroplast

Granum

Stroma


Thylakoid











Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell




Nucleus




Nucleus


Mitochondrion





Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell









>




motor proteins move










Figure 416-0

Nucleus

Nucleus

Microtubule


10 nm

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-1

Nucleus

Microtubule

25 nm


Figure 416-2

Nucleus


10 nm


Figure 416-3

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-4

Nucleus


Figure 416-5

Nucleus


Figure 416-6











Figure 417








>


Video Chlamydomonas

>


Figure 418a

Cilia


Figure 418b

Flagellum














>


Figure 418c-0




Plasma membrane


Figure 418c-1





Figure 418c-2




Plasma membrane
















Figure 419

Collagen fiber

EXTRACELLULAR FLUID

CYTOPLASM



Integrin

Plasmamembrane










>



>



>


Figure 420

Tight junction

Anchoringjunction

Gap junction












Figure 421

Vacuole

Plant cellwalls

Plasmodesmata


Cytosol






communication


Table 4-22-0


Table 4-22-1


Table 4-22-2






membranes


















Table 4-1


Figure 4UN02


Figure 4UN03

a bc

d

e

f

g

h

i

jk

l


Figure 4UN04-0


Mark


Figure 4UN04-1


Mark


Figure 4UN04-2

Slide 1

Introduction

Introduction (2)

Figure 40-1

Figure 40-2

Slide 6





Figure 41a

Figure 41b

Figure 41c

Figure 41d

Figure 41e-0

Figure 41e-1

Figure 41e-2




Figure 42a



Figure 42b

Figure 4UN01






Figure 43-0

Figure 43-1

Figure 43-2







Figure 44a

Figure 44b

Slide 42




Figure 45



Figure 46

Slide 50






Figure 48a

Figure 48b





Figure 49




Figure 410a-1

Figure 410a-2

Figure 410a-3

Figure 410a-4

Figure 410b-1

Figure 410b-2

Figure 410b-3



Figure 411a

Figure 411b


Figure 412


Slide 80




Figure 413



Figure 414



Figure 415

Figure 415-1

Figure 415-2

Figure 415-3

Slide 94






Figure 416-0

Figure 416-1

Figure 416-2

Figure 416-3

Figure 416-4

Figure 416-5

Figure 416-6



Figure 417



Video Chlamydomonas

Figure 418a

Figure 418b




Figure 418c-0

Figure 418c-1

Figure 418c-2




Figure 419





Figure 420


Figure 421


Table 4-22-0

Table 4-22-1

Table 4-22-2





Table 4-1

Figure 4UN02

Figure 4UN03

Figure 4UN04-0

Figure 4UN04-1

Figure 4UN04-2


Figure 410b-3

Lysosome









>


Figure 411a

Contractilevacuoles

Nucleus


Figure 411b

Central vacuole

Chloroplast

Nucleus





Figure 412

Nucleus

Smooth ER

Rough ER

Transport vesicle

Lysosome

Nuclear envelope

Golgi apparatus

Plasmamembrane

Transportvesicle






















Figure 413

Mitochondrion

Intermembranespace

Outermembrane

Innermembrane

CristaMatrix












Figure 414

Chloroplast

Granum

Stroma


Thylakoid











Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell




Nucleus




Nucleus


Mitochondrion





Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell









>




motor proteins move










Figure 416-0

Nucleus

Nucleus

Microtubule


10 nm

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-1

Nucleus

Microtubule

25 nm


Figure 416-2

Nucleus


10 nm


Figure 416-3

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-4

Nucleus


Figure 416-5

Nucleus


Figure 416-6











Figure 417








>


Video Chlamydomonas

>


Figure 418a

Cilia


Figure 418b

Flagellum














>


Figure 418c-0




Plasma membrane


Figure 418c-1





Figure 418c-2




Plasma membrane
















Figure 419

Collagen fiber

EXTRACELLULAR FLUID

CYTOPLASM



Integrin

Plasmamembrane










>



>



>


Figure 420

Tight junction

Anchoringjunction

Gap junction












Figure 421

Vacuole

Plant cellwalls

Plasmodesmata


Cytosol






communication


Table 4-22-0


Table 4-22-1


Table 4-22-2






membranes


















Table 4-1


Figure 4UN02


Figure 4UN03

a bc

d

e

f

g

h

i

jk

l


Figure 4UN04-0


Mark


Figure 4UN04-1


Mark


Figure 4UN04-2

Slide 1

Introduction

Introduction (2)

Figure 40-1

Figure 40-2

Slide 6





Figure 41a

Figure 41b

Figure 41c

Figure 41d

Figure 41e-0

Figure 41e-1

Figure 41e-2




Figure 42a



Figure 42b

Figure 4UN01






Figure 43-0

Figure 43-1

Figure 43-2







Figure 44a

Figure 44b

Slide 42




Figure 45



Figure 46

Slide 50






Figure 48a

Figure 48b





Figure 49




Figure 410a-1

Figure 410a-2

Figure 410a-3

Figure 410a-4

Figure 410b-1

Figure 410b-2

Figure 410b-3



Figure 411a

Figure 411b


Figure 412


Slide 80




Figure 413



Figure 414



Figure 415

Figure 415-1

Figure 415-2

Figure 415-3

Slide 94






Figure 416-0

Figure 416-1

Figure 416-2

Figure 416-3

Figure 416-4

Figure 416-5

Figure 416-6



Figure 417



Video Chlamydomonas

Figure 418a

Figure 418b




Figure 418c-0

Figure 418c-1

Figure 418c-2




Figure 419





Figure 420


Figure 421


Table 4-22-0

Table 4-22-1

Table 4-22-2





Table 4-1

Figure 4UN02

Figure 4UN03

Figure 4UN04-0

Figure 4UN04-1

Figure 4UN04-2








>


Figure 411a

Contractilevacuoles

Nucleus


Figure 411b

Central vacuole

Chloroplast

Nucleus





Figure 412

Nucleus

Smooth ER

Rough ER

Transport vesicle

Lysosome

Nuclear envelope

Golgi apparatus

Plasmamembrane

Transportvesicle






















Figure 413

Mitochondrion

Intermembranespace

Outermembrane

Innermembrane

CristaMatrix












Figure 414

Chloroplast

Granum

Stroma


Thylakoid











Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell




Nucleus




Nucleus


Mitochondrion





Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell









>




motor proteins move










Figure 416-0

Nucleus

Nucleus

Microtubule


10 nm

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-1

Nucleus

Microtubule

25 nm


Figure 416-2

Nucleus


10 nm


Figure 416-3

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-4

Nucleus


Figure 416-5

Nucleus


Figure 416-6











Figure 417








>


Video Chlamydomonas

>


Figure 418a

Cilia


Figure 418b

Flagellum














>


Figure 418c-0




Plasma membrane


Figure 418c-1





Figure 418c-2




Plasma membrane
















Figure 419

Collagen fiber

EXTRACELLULAR FLUID

CYTOPLASM



Integrin

Plasmamembrane










>



>



>


Figure 420

Tight junction

Anchoringjunction

Gap junction












Figure 421

Vacuole

Plant cellwalls

Plasmodesmata


Cytosol






communication


Table 4-22-0


Table 4-22-1


Table 4-22-2






membranes


















Table 4-1


Figure 4UN02


Figure 4UN03

a bc

d

e

f

g

h

i

jk

l


Figure 4UN04-0


Mark


Figure 4UN04-1


Mark


Figure 4UN04-2

Slide 1

Introduction

Introduction (2)

Figure 40-1

Figure 40-2

Slide 6





Figure 41a

Figure 41b

Figure 41c

Figure 41d

Figure 41e-0

Figure 41e-1

Figure 41e-2




Figure 42a



Figure 42b

Figure 4UN01






Figure 43-0

Figure 43-1

Figure 43-2







Figure 44a

Figure 44b

Slide 42




Figure 45



Figure 46

Slide 50






Figure 48a

Figure 48b





Figure 49




Figure 410a-1

Figure 410a-2

Figure 410a-3

Figure 410a-4

Figure 410b-1

Figure 410b-2

Figure 410b-3



Figure 411a

Figure 411b


Figure 412


Slide 80




Figure 413



Figure 414



Figure 415

Figure 415-1

Figure 415-2

Figure 415-3

Slide 94






Figure 416-0

Figure 416-1

Figure 416-2

Figure 416-3

Figure 416-4

Figure 416-5

Figure 416-6



Figure 417



Video Chlamydomonas

Figure 418a

Figure 418b




Figure 418c-0

Figure 418c-1

Figure 418c-2




Figure 419





Figure 420


Figure 421


Table 4-22-0

Table 4-22-1

Table 4-22-2





Table 4-1

Figure 4UN02

Figure 4UN03

Figure 4UN04-0

Figure 4UN04-1

Figure 4UN04-2


Figure 411a

Contractilevacuoles

Nucleus


Figure 411b

Central vacuole

Chloroplast

Nucleus





Figure 412

Nucleus

Smooth ER

Rough ER

Transport vesicle

Lysosome

Nuclear envelope

Golgi apparatus

Plasmamembrane

Transportvesicle






















Figure 413

Mitochondrion

Intermembranespace

Outermembrane

Innermembrane

CristaMatrix












Figure 414

Chloroplast

Granum

Stroma


Thylakoid











Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell




Nucleus




Nucleus


Mitochondrion





Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell









>




motor proteins move










Figure 416-0

Nucleus

Nucleus

Microtubule


10 nm

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-1

Nucleus

Microtubule

25 nm


Figure 416-2

Nucleus


10 nm


Figure 416-3

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-4

Nucleus


Figure 416-5

Nucleus


Figure 416-6











Figure 417








>


Video Chlamydomonas

>


Figure 418a

Cilia


Figure 418b

Flagellum














>


Figure 418c-0




Plasma membrane


Figure 418c-1





Figure 418c-2




Plasma membrane
















Figure 419

Collagen fiber

EXTRACELLULAR FLUID

CYTOPLASM



Integrin

Plasmamembrane










>



>



>


Figure 420

Tight junction

Anchoringjunction

Gap junction












Figure 421

Vacuole

Plant cellwalls

Plasmodesmata


Cytosol






communication


Table 4-22-0


Table 4-22-1


Table 4-22-2






membranes


















Table 4-1


Figure 4UN02


Figure 4UN03

a bc

d

e

f

g

h

i

jk

l


Figure 4UN04-0


Mark


Figure 4UN04-1


Mark


Figure 4UN04-2

Slide 1

Introduction

Introduction (2)

Figure 40-1

Figure 40-2

Slide 6





Figure 41a

Figure 41b

Figure 41c

Figure 41d

Figure 41e-0

Figure 41e-1

Figure 41e-2




Figure 42a



Figure 42b

Figure 4UN01






Figure 43-0

Figure 43-1

Figure 43-2







Figure 44a

Figure 44b

Slide 42




Figure 45



Figure 46

Slide 50






Figure 48a

Figure 48b





Figure 49




Figure 410a-1

Figure 410a-2

Figure 410a-3

Figure 410a-4

Figure 410b-1

Figure 410b-2

Figure 410b-3



Figure 411a

Figure 411b


Figure 412


Slide 80




Figure 413



Figure 414



Figure 415

Figure 415-1

Figure 415-2

Figure 415-3

Slide 94






Figure 416-0

Figure 416-1

Figure 416-2

Figure 416-3

Figure 416-4

Figure 416-5

Figure 416-6



Figure 417



Video Chlamydomonas

Figure 418a

Figure 418b




Figure 418c-0

Figure 418c-1

Figure 418c-2




Figure 419





Figure 420


Figure 421


Table 4-22-0

Table 4-22-1

Table 4-22-2





Table 4-1

Figure 4UN02

Figure 4UN03

Figure 4UN04-0

Figure 4UN04-1

Figure 4UN04-2


Figure 411b

Central vacuole

Chloroplast

Nucleus





Figure 412

Nucleus

Smooth ER

Rough ER

Transport vesicle

Lysosome

Nuclear envelope

Golgi apparatus

Plasmamembrane

Transportvesicle






















Figure 413

Mitochondrion

Intermembranespace

Outermembrane

Innermembrane

CristaMatrix












Figure 414

Chloroplast

Granum

Stroma


Thylakoid











Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell




Nucleus




Nucleus


Mitochondrion





Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell









>




motor proteins move










Figure 416-0

Nucleus

Nucleus

Microtubule


10 nm

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-1

Nucleus

Microtubule

25 nm


Figure 416-2

Nucleus


10 nm


Figure 416-3

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-4

Nucleus


Figure 416-5

Nucleus


Figure 416-6











Figure 417








>


Video Chlamydomonas

>


Figure 418a

Cilia


Figure 418b

Flagellum














>


Figure 418c-0




Plasma membrane


Figure 418c-1





Figure 418c-2




Plasma membrane
















Figure 419

Collagen fiber

EXTRACELLULAR FLUID

CYTOPLASM



Integrin

Plasmamembrane










>



>



>


Figure 420

Tight junction

Anchoringjunction

Gap junction












Figure 421

Vacuole

Plant cellwalls

Plasmodesmata


Cytosol






communication


Table 4-22-0


Table 4-22-1


Table 4-22-2






membranes


















Table 4-1


Figure 4UN02


Figure 4UN03

a bc

d

e

f

g

h

i

jk

l


Figure 4UN04-0


Mark


Figure 4UN04-1


Mark


Figure 4UN04-2

Slide 1

Introduction

Introduction (2)

Figure 40-1

Figure 40-2

Slide 6





Figure 41a

Figure 41b

Figure 41c

Figure 41d

Figure 41e-0

Figure 41e-1

Figure 41e-2




Figure 42a



Figure 42b

Figure 4UN01






Figure 43-0

Figure 43-1

Figure 43-2







Figure 44a

Figure 44b

Slide 42




Figure 45



Figure 46

Slide 50






Figure 48a

Figure 48b





Figure 49




Figure 410a-1

Figure 410a-2

Figure 410a-3

Figure 410a-4

Figure 410b-1

Figure 410b-2

Figure 410b-3



Figure 411a

Figure 411b


Figure 412


Slide 80




Figure 413



Figure 414



Figure 415

Figure 415-1

Figure 415-2

Figure 415-3

Slide 94






Figure 416-0

Figure 416-1

Figure 416-2

Figure 416-3

Figure 416-4

Figure 416-5

Figure 416-6



Figure 417



Video Chlamydomonas

Figure 418a

Figure 418b




Figure 418c-0

Figure 418c-1

Figure 418c-2




Figure 419





Figure 420


Figure 421


Table 4-22-0

Table 4-22-1

Table 4-22-2





Table 4-1

Figure 4UN02

Figure 4UN03

Figure 4UN04-0

Figure 4UN04-1

Figure 4UN04-2





Figure 412

Nucleus

Smooth ER

Rough ER

Transport vesicle

Lysosome

Nuclear envelope

Golgi apparatus

Plasmamembrane

Transportvesicle






















Figure 413

Mitochondrion

Intermembranespace

Outermembrane

Innermembrane

CristaMatrix












Figure 414

Chloroplast

Granum

Stroma


Thylakoid











Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell




Nucleus




Nucleus


Mitochondrion





Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell









>




motor proteins move










Figure 416-0

Nucleus

Nucleus

Microtubule


10 nm

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-1

Nucleus

Microtubule

25 nm


Figure 416-2

Nucleus


10 nm


Figure 416-3

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-4

Nucleus


Figure 416-5

Nucleus


Figure 416-6











Figure 417








>


Video Chlamydomonas

>


Figure 418a

Cilia


Figure 418b

Flagellum














>


Figure 418c-0




Plasma membrane


Figure 418c-1





Figure 418c-2




Plasma membrane
















Figure 419

Collagen fiber

EXTRACELLULAR FLUID

CYTOPLASM



Integrin

Plasmamembrane










>



>



>


Figure 420

Tight junction

Anchoringjunction

Gap junction












Figure 421

Vacuole

Plant cellwalls

Plasmodesmata


Cytosol






communication


Table 4-22-0


Table 4-22-1


Table 4-22-2






membranes


















Table 4-1


Figure 4UN02


Figure 4UN03

a bc

d

e

f

g

h

i

jk

l


Figure 4UN04-0


Mark


Figure 4UN04-1


Mark


Figure 4UN04-2

Slide 1

Introduction

Introduction (2)

Figure 40-1

Figure 40-2

Slide 6





Figure 41a

Figure 41b

Figure 41c

Figure 41d

Figure 41e-0

Figure 41e-1

Figure 41e-2




Figure 42a



Figure 42b

Figure 4UN01






Figure 43-0

Figure 43-1

Figure 43-2







Figure 44a

Figure 44b

Slide 42




Figure 45



Figure 46

Slide 50






Figure 48a

Figure 48b





Figure 49




Figure 410a-1

Figure 410a-2

Figure 410a-3

Figure 410a-4

Figure 410b-1

Figure 410b-2

Figure 410b-3



Figure 411a

Figure 411b


Figure 412


Slide 80




Figure 413



Figure 414



Figure 415

Figure 415-1

Figure 415-2

Figure 415-3

Slide 94






Figure 416-0

Figure 416-1

Figure 416-2

Figure 416-3

Figure 416-4

Figure 416-5

Figure 416-6



Figure 417



Video Chlamydomonas

Figure 418a

Figure 418b




Figure 418c-0

Figure 418c-1

Figure 418c-2




Figure 419





Figure 420


Figure 421


Table 4-22-0

Table 4-22-1

Table 4-22-2





Table 4-1

Figure 4UN02

Figure 4UN03

Figure 4UN04-0

Figure 4UN04-1

Figure 4UN04-2






















Figure 413

Mitochondrion

Intermembranespace

Outermembrane

Innermembrane

CristaMatrix












Figure 414

Chloroplast

Granum

Stroma


Thylakoid











Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell




Nucleus




Nucleus


Mitochondrion





Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell









>




motor proteins move










Figure 416-0

Nucleus

Nucleus

Microtubule


10 nm

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-1

Nucleus

Microtubule

25 nm


Figure 416-2

Nucleus


10 nm


Figure 416-3

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-4

Nucleus


Figure 416-5

Nucleus


Figure 416-6











Figure 417








>


Video Chlamydomonas

>


Figure 418a

Cilia


Figure 418b

Flagellum














>


Figure 418c-0




Plasma membrane


Figure 418c-1





Figure 418c-2




Plasma membrane
















Figure 419

Collagen fiber

EXTRACELLULAR FLUID

CYTOPLASM



Integrin

Plasmamembrane










>



>



>


Figure 420

Tight junction

Anchoringjunction

Gap junction












Figure 421

Vacuole

Plant cellwalls

Plasmodesmata


Cytosol






communication


Table 4-22-0


Table 4-22-1


Table 4-22-2






membranes


















Table 4-1


Figure 4UN02


Figure 4UN03

a bc

d

e

f

g

h

i

jk

l


Figure 4UN04-0


Mark


Figure 4UN04-1


Mark


Figure 4UN04-2

Slide 1

Introduction

Introduction (2)

Figure 40-1

Figure 40-2

Slide 6





Figure 41a

Figure 41b

Figure 41c

Figure 41d

Figure 41e-0

Figure 41e-1

Figure 41e-2




Figure 42a



Figure 42b

Figure 4UN01






Figure 43-0

Figure 43-1

Figure 43-2







Figure 44a

Figure 44b

Slide 42




Figure 45



Figure 46

Slide 50






Figure 48a

Figure 48b





Figure 49




Figure 410a-1

Figure 410a-2

Figure 410a-3

Figure 410a-4

Figure 410b-1

Figure 410b-2

Figure 410b-3



Figure 411a

Figure 411b


Figure 412


Slide 80




Figure 413



Figure 414



Figure 415

Figure 415-1

Figure 415-2

Figure 415-3

Slide 94






Figure 416-0

Figure 416-1

Figure 416-2

Figure 416-3

Figure 416-4

Figure 416-5

Figure 416-6



Figure 417



Video Chlamydomonas

Figure 418a

Figure 418b




Figure 418c-0

Figure 418c-1

Figure 418c-2




Figure 419





Figure 420


Figure 421


Table 4-22-0

Table 4-22-1

Table 4-22-2





Table 4-1

Figure 4UN02

Figure 4UN03

Figure 4UN04-0

Figure 4UN04-1

Figure 4UN04-2












Figure 414

Chloroplast

Granum

Stroma


Thylakoid











Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell




Nucleus




Nucleus


Mitochondrion





Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell









>




motor proteins move










Figure 416-0

Nucleus

Nucleus

Microtubule


10 nm

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-1

Nucleus

Microtubule

25 nm


Figure 416-2

Nucleus


10 nm


Figure 416-3

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-4

Nucleus


Figure 416-5

Nucleus


Figure 416-6











Figure 417








>


Video Chlamydomonas

>


Figure 418a

Cilia


Figure 418b

Flagellum














>


Figure 418c-0




Plasma membrane


Figure 418c-1





Figure 418c-2




Plasma membrane
















Figure 419

Collagen fiber

EXTRACELLULAR FLUID

CYTOPLASM



Integrin

Plasmamembrane










>



>



>


Figure 420

Tight junction

Anchoringjunction

Gap junction












Figure 421

Vacuole

Plant cellwalls

Plasmodesmata


Cytosol






communication


Table 4-22-0


Table 4-22-1


Table 4-22-2






membranes


















Table 4-1


Figure 4UN02


Figure 4UN03

a bc

d

e

f

g

h

i

jk

l


Figure 4UN04-0


Mark


Figure 4UN04-1


Mark


Figure 4UN04-2

Slide 1

Introduction

Introduction (2)

Figure 40-1

Figure 40-2

Slide 6





Figure 41a

Figure 41b

Figure 41c

Figure 41d

Figure 41e-0

Figure 41e-1

Figure 41e-2




Figure 42a



Figure 42b

Figure 4UN01






Figure 43-0

Figure 43-1

Figure 43-2







Figure 44a

Figure 44b

Slide 42




Figure 45



Figure 46

Slide 50






Figure 48a

Figure 48b





Figure 49




Figure 410a-1

Figure 410a-2

Figure 410a-3

Figure 410a-4

Figure 410b-1

Figure 410b-2

Figure 410b-3



Figure 411a

Figure 411b


Figure 412


Slide 80




Figure 413



Figure 414



Figure 415

Figure 415-1

Figure 415-2

Figure 415-3

Slide 94






Figure 416-0

Figure 416-1

Figure 416-2

Figure 416-3

Figure 416-4

Figure 416-5

Figure 416-6



Figure 417



Video Chlamydomonas

Figure 418a

Figure 418b




Figure 418c-0

Figure 418c-1

Figure 418c-2




Figure 419





Figure 420


Figure 421


Table 4-22-0

Table 4-22-1

Table 4-22-2





Table 4-1

Figure 4UN02

Figure 4UN03

Figure 4UN04-0

Figure 4UN04-1

Figure 4UN04-2











Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell




Nucleus




Nucleus


Mitochondrion





Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell









>




motor proteins move










Figure 416-0

Nucleus

Nucleus

Microtubule


10 nm

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-1

Nucleus

Microtubule

25 nm


Figure 416-2

Nucleus


10 nm


Figure 416-3

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-4

Nucleus


Figure 416-5

Nucleus


Figure 416-6











Figure 417








>


Video Chlamydomonas

>


Figure 418a

Cilia


Figure 418b

Flagellum














>


Figure 418c-0




Plasma membrane


Figure 418c-1





Figure 418c-2




Plasma membrane
















Figure 419

Collagen fiber

EXTRACELLULAR FLUID

CYTOPLASM



Integrin

Plasmamembrane










>



>



>


Figure 420

Tight junction

Anchoringjunction

Gap junction












Figure 421

Vacuole

Plant cellwalls

Plasmodesmata


Cytosol






communication


Table 4-22-0


Table 4-22-1


Table 4-22-2






membranes


















Table 4-1


Figure 4UN02


Figure 4UN03

a bc

d

e

f

g

h

i

jk

l


Figure 4UN04-0


Mark


Figure 4UN04-1


Mark


Figure 4UN04-2

Slide 1

Introduction

Introduction (2)

Figure 40-1

Figure 40-2

Slide 6





Figure 41a

Figure 41b

Figure 41c

Figure 41d

Figure 41e-0

Figure 41e-1

Figure 41e-2




Figure 42a



Figure 42b

Figure 4UN01






Figure 43-0

Figure 43-1

Figure 43-2







Figure 44a

Figure 44b

Slide 42




Figure 45



Figure 46

Slide 50






Figure 48a

Figure 48b





Figure 49




Figure 410a-1

Figure 410a-2

Figure 410a-3

Figure 410a-4

Figure 410b-1

Figure 410b-2

Figure 410b-3



Figure 411a

Figure 411b


Figure 412


Slide 80




Figure 413



Figure 414



Figure 415

Figure 415-1

Figure 415-2

Figure 415-3

Slide 94






Figure 416-0

Figure 416-1

Figure 416-2

Figure 416-3

Figure 416-4

Figure 416-5

Figure 416-6



Figure 417



Video Chlamydomonas

Figure 418a

Figure 418b




Figure 418c-0

Figure 418c-1

Figure 418c-2




Figure 419





Figure 420


Figure 421


Table 4-22-0

Table 4-22-1

Table 4-22-2





Table 4-1

Figure 4UN02

Figure 4UN03

Figure 4UN04-0

Figure 4UN04-1

Figure 4UN04-2



Nucleus




Nucleus


Mitochondrion





Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell









>




motor proteins move










Figure 416-0

Nucleus

Nucleus

Microtubule


10 nm

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-1

Nucleus

Microtubule

25 nm


Figure 416-2

Nucleus


10 nm


Figure 416-3

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-4

Nucleus


Figure 416-5

Nucleus


Figure 416-6











Figure 417








>


Video Chlamydomonas

>


Figure 418a

Cilia


Figure 418b

Flagellum














>


Figure 418c-0




Plasma membrane


Figure 418c-1





Figure 418c-2




Plasma membrane
















Figure 419

Collagen fiber

EXTRACELLULAR FLUID

CYTOPLASM



Integrin

Plasmamembrane










>



>



>


Figure 420

Tight junction

Anchoringjunction

Gap junction












Figure 421

Vacuole

Plant cellwalls

Plasmodesmata


Cytosol






communication


Table 4-22-0


Table 4-22-1


Table 4-22-2






membranes


















Table 4-1


Figure 4UN02


Figure 4UN03

a bc

d

e

f

g

h

i

jk

l


Figure 4UN04-0


Mark


Figure 4UN04-1


Mark


Figure 4UN04-2

Slide 1

Introduction

Introduction (2)

Figure 40-1

Figure 40-2

Slide 6





Figure 41a

Figure 41b

Figure 41c

Figure 41d

Figure 41e-0

Figure 41e-1

Figure 41e-2




Figure 42a



Figure 42b

Figure 4UN01






Figure 43-0

Figure 43-1

Figure 43-2







Figure 44a

Figure 44b

Slide 42




Figure 45



Figure 46

Slide 50






Figure 48a

Figure 48b





Figure 49




Figure 410a-1

Figure 410a-2

Figure 410a-3

Figure 410a-4

Figure 410b-1

Figure 410b-2

Figure 410b-3



Figure 411a

Figure 411b


Figure 412


Slide 80




Figure 413



Figure 414



Figure 415

Figure 415-1

Figure 415-2

Figure 415-3

Slide 94






Figure 416-0

Figure 416-1

Figure 416-2

Figure 416-3

Figure 416-4

Figure 416-5

Figure 416-6



Figure 417



Video Chlamydomonas

Figure 418a

Figure 418b




Figure 418c-0

Figure 418c-1

Figure 418c-2




Figure 419





Figure 420


Figure 421


Table 4-22-0

Table 4-22-1

Table 4-22-2





Table 4-1

Figure 4UN02

Figure 4UN03

Figure 4UN04-0

Figure 4UN04-1

Figure 4UN04-2



Nucleus


Mitochondrion





Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell









>




motor proteins move










Figure 416-0

Nucleus

Nucleus

Microtubule


10 nm

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-1

Nucleus

Microtubule

25 nm


Figure 416-2

Nucleus


10 nm


Figure 416-3

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-4

Nucleus


Figure 416-5

Nucleus


Figure 416-6











Figure 417








>


Video Chlamydomonas

>


Figure 418a

Cilia


Figure 418b

Flagellum














>


Figure 418c-0




Plasma membrane


Figure 418c-1





Figure 418c-2




Plasma membrane
















Figure 419

Collagen fiber

EXTRACELLULAR FLUID

CYTOPLASM



Integrin

Plasmamembrane










>



>



>


Figure 420

Tight junction

Anchoringjunction

Gap junction












Figure 421

Vacuole

Plant cellwalls

Plasmodesmata


Cytosol






communication


Table 4-22-0


Table 4-22-1


Table 4-22-2






membranes


















Table 4-1


Figure 4UN02


Figure 4UN03

a bc

d

e

f

g

h

i

jk

l


Figure 4UN04-0


Mark


Figure 4UN04-1


Mark


Figure 4UN04-2

Slide 1

Introduction

Introduction (2)

Figure 40-1

Figure 40-2

Slide 6





Figure 41a

Figure 41b

Figure 41c

Figure 41d

Figure 41e-0

Figure 41e-1

Figure 41e-2




Figure 42a



Figure 42b

Figure 4UN01






Figure 43-0

Figure 43-1

Figure 43-2







Figure 44a

Figure 44b

Slide 42




Figure 45



Figure 46

Slide 50






Figure 48a

Figure 48b





Figure 49




Figure 410a-1

Figure 410a-2

Figure 410a-3

Figure 410a-4

Figure 410b-1

Figure 410b-2

Figure 410b-3



Figure 411a

Figure 411b


Figure 412


Slide 80




Figure 413



Figure 414



Figure 415

Figure 415-1

Figure 415-2

Figure 415-3

Slide 94






Figure 416-0

Figure 416-1

Figure 416-2

Figure 416-3

Figure 416-4

Figure 416-5

Figure 416-6



Figure 417



Video Chlamydomonas

Figure 418a

Figure 418b




Figure 418c-0

Figure 418c-1

Figure 418c-2




Figure 419





Figure 420


Figure 421


Table 4-22-0

Table 4-22-1

Table 4-22-2





Table 4-1

Figure 4UN02

Figure 4UN03

Figure 4UN04-0

Figure 4UN04-1

Figure 4UN04-2



Nucleus


Mitochondrion


Mitochondrion


Chloroplast


At leastone cell









>




motor proteins move










Figure 416-0

Nucleus

Nucleus

Microtubule


10 nm

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-1

Nucleus

Microtubule

25 nm


Figure 416-2

Nucleus


10 nm


Figure 416-3

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-4

Nucleus


Figure 416-5

Nucleus


Figure 416-6











Figure 417








>


Video Chlamydomonas

>


Figure 418a

Cilia


Figure 418b

Flagellum














>


Figure 418c-0




Plasma membrane


Figure 418c-1





Figure 418c-2




Plasma membrane
















Figure 419

Collagen fiber

EXTRACELLULAR FLUID

CYTOPLASM



Integrin

Plasmamembrane










>



>



>


Figure 420

Tight junction

Anchoringjunction

Gap junction












Figure 421

Vacuole

Plant cellwalls

Plasmodesmata


Cytosol






communication


Table 4-22-0


Table 4-22-1


Table 4-22-2






membranes


















Table 4-1


Figure 4UN02


Figure 4UN03

a bc

d

e

f

g

h

i

jk

l


Figure 4UN04-0


Mark


Figure 4UN04-1


Mark


Figure 4UN04-2

Slide 1

Introduction

Introduction (2)

Figure 40-1

Figure 40-2

Slide 6





Figure 41a

Figure 41b

Figure 41c

Figure 41d

Figure 41e-0

Figure 41e-1

Figure 41e-2




Figure 42a



Figure 42b

Figure 4UN01






Figure 43-0

Figure 43-1

Figure 43-2







Figure 44a

Figure 44b

Slide 42




Figure 45



Figure 46

Slide 50






Figure 48a

Figure 48b





Figure 49




Figure 410a-1

Figure 410a-2

Figure 410a-3

Figure 410a-4

Figure 410b-1

Figure 410b-2

Figure 410b-3



Figure 411a

Figure 411b


Figure 412


Slide 80




Figure 413



Figure 414



Figure 415

Figure 415-1

Figure 415-2

Figure 415-3

Slide 94






Figure 416-0

Figure 416-1

Figure 416-2

Figure 416-3

Figure 416-4

Figure 416-5

Figure 416-6



Figure 417



Video Chlamydomonas

Figure 418a

Figure 418b




Figure 418c-0

Figure 418c-1

Figure 418c-2




Figure 419





Figure 420


Figure 421


Table 4-22-0

Table 4-22-1

Table 4-22-2





Table 4-1

Figure 4UN02

Figure 4UN03

Figure 4UN04-0

Figure 4UN04-1

Figure 4UN04-2








>




motor proteins move










Figure 416-0

Nucleus

Nucleus

Microtubule


10 nm

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-1

Nucleus

Microtubule

25 nm


Figure 416-2

Nucleus


10 nm


Figure 416-3

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-4

Nucleus


Figure 416-5

Nucleus


Figure 416-6











Figure 417








>


Video Chlamydomonas

>


Figure 418a

Cilia


Figure 418b

Flagellum














>


Figure 418c-0




Plasma membrane


Figure 418c-1





Figure 418c-2




Plasma membrane
















Figure 419

Collagen fiber

EXTRACELLULAR FLUID

CYTOPLASM



Integrin

Plasmamembrane










>



>



>


Figure 420

Tight junction

Anchoringjunction

Gap junction












Figure 421

Vacuole

Plant cellwalls

Plasmodesmata


Cytosol






communication


Table 4-22-0


Table 4-22-1


Table 4-22-2






membranes


















Table 4-1


Figure 4UN02


Figure 4UN03

a bc

d

e

f

g

h

i

jk

l


Figure 4UN04-0


Mark


Figure 4UN04-1


Mark


Figure 4UN04-2

Slide 1

Introduction

Introduction (2)

Figure 40-1

Figure 40-2

Slide 6





Figure 41a

Figure 41b

Figure 41c

Figure 41d

Figure 41e-0

Figure 41e-1

Figure 41e-2




Figure 42a



Figure 42b

Figure 4UN01






Figure 43-0

Figure 43-1

Figure 43-2







Figure 44a

Figure 44b

Slide 42




Figure 45



Figure 46

Slide 50






Figure 48a

Figure 48b





Figure 49




Figure 410a-1

Figure 410a-2

Figure 410a-3

Figure 410a-4

Figure 410b-1

Figure 410b-2

Figure 410b-3



Figure 411a

Figure 411b


Figure 412


Slide 80




Figure 413



Figure 414



Figure 415

Figure 415-1

Figure 415-2

Figure 415-3

Slide 94






Figure 416-0

Figure 416-1

Figure 416-2

Figure 416-3

Figure 416-4

Figure 416-5

Figure 416-6



Figure 417



Video Chlamydomonas

Figure 418a

Figure 418b




Figure 418c-0

Figure 418c-1

Figure 418c-2




Figure 419





Figure 420


Figure 421


Table 4-22-0

Table 4-22-1

Table 4-22-2





Table 4-1

Figure 4UN02

Figure 4UN03

Figure 4UN04-0

Figure 4UN04-1

Figure 4UN04-2




motor proteins move










Figure 416-0

Nucleus

Nucleus

Microtubule


10 nm

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-1

Nucleus

Microtubule

25 nm


Figure 416-2

Nucleus


10 nm


Figure 416-3

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-4

Nucleus


Figure 416-5

Nucleus


Figure 416-6











Figure 417








>


Video Chlamydomonas

>


Figure 418a

Cilia


Figure 418b

Flagellum














>


Figure 418c-0




Plasma membrane


Figure 418c-1





Figure 418c-2




Plasma membrane
















Figure 419

Collagen fiber

EXTRACELLULAR FLUID

CYTOPLASM



Integrin

Plasmamembrane










>



>



>


Figure 420

Tight junction

Anchoringjunction

Gap junction












Figure 421

Vacuole

Plant cellwalls

Plasmodesmata


Cytosol






communication


Table 4-22-0


Table 4-22-1


Table 4-22-2






membranes


















Table 4-1


Figure 4UN02


Figure 4UN03

a bc

d

e

f

g

h

i

jk

l


Figure 4UN04-0


Mark


Figure 4UN04-1


Mark


Figure 4UN04-2

Slide 1

Introduction

Introduction (2)

Figure 40-1

Figure 40-2

Slide 6





Figure 41a

Figure 41b

Figure 41c

Figure 41d

Figure 41e-0

Figure 41e-1

Figure 41e-2




Figure 42a



Figure 42b

Figure 4UN01






Figure 43-0

Figure 43-1

Figure 43-2







Figure 44a

Figure 44b

Slide 42




Figure 45



Figure 46

Slide 50






Figure 48a

Figure 48b





Figure 49




Figure 410a-1

Figure 410a-2

Figure 410a-3

Figure 410a-4

Figure 410b-1

Figure 410b-2

Figure 410b-3



Figure 411a

Figure 411b


Figure 412


Slide 80




Figure 413



Figure 414



Figure 415

Figure 415-1

Figure 415-2

Figure 415-3

Slide 94






Figure 416-0

Figure 416-1

Figure 416-2

Figure 416-3

Figure 416-4

Figure 416-5

Figure 416-6



Figure 417



Video Chlamydomonas

Figure 418a

Figure 418b




Figure 418c-0

Figure 418c-1

Figure 418c-2




Figure 419





Figure 420


Figure 421


Table 4-22-0

Table 4-22-1

Table 4-22-2





Table 4-1

Figure 4UN02

Figure 4UN03

Figure 4UN04-0

Figure 4UN04-1

Figure 4UN04-2









Figure 416-0

Nucleus

Nucleus

Microtubule


10 nm

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-1

Nucleus

Microtubule

25 nm


Figure 416-2

Nucleus


10 nm


Figure 416-3

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-4

Nucleus


Figure 416-5

Nucleus


Figure 416-6











Figure 417








>


Video Chlamydomonas

>


Figure 418a

Cilia


Figure 418b

Flagellum














>


Figure 418c-0




Plasma membrane


Figure 418c-1





Figure 418c-2




Plasma membrane
















Figure 419

Collagen fiber

EXTRACELLULAR FLUID

CYTOPLASM



Integrin

Plasmamembrane










>



>



>


Figure 420

Tight junction

Anchoringjunction

Gap junction












Figure 421

Vacuole

Plant cellwalls

Plasmodesmata


Cytosol






communication


Table 4-22-0


Table 4-22-1


Table 4-22-2






membranes


















Table 4-1


Figure 4UN02


Figure 4UN03

a bc

d

e

f

g

h

i

jk

l


Figure 4UN04-0


Mark


Figure 4UN04-1


Mark


Figure 4UN04-2

Slide 1

Introduction

Introduction (2)

Figure 40-1

Figure 40-2

Slide 6





Figure 41a

Figure 41b

Figure 41c

Figure 41d

Figure 41e-0

Figure 41e-1

Figure 41e-2




Figure 42a



Figure 42b

Figure 4UN01






Figure 43-0

Figure 43-1

Figure 43-2







Figure 44a

Figure 44b

Slide 42




Figure 45



Figure 46

Slide 50






Figure 48a

Figure 48b





Figure 49




Figure 410a-1

Figure 410a-2

Figure 410a-3

Figure 410a-4

Figure 410b-1

Figure 410b-2

Figure 410b-3



Figure 411a

Figure 411b


Figure 412


Slide 80




Figure 413



Figure 414



Figure 415

Figure 415-1

Figure 415-2

Figure 415-3

Slide 94






Figure 416-0

Figure 416-1

Figure 416-2

Figure 416-3

Figure 416-4

Figure 416-5

Figure 416-6



Figure 417



Video Chlamydomonas

Figure 418a

Figure 418b




Figure 418c-0

Figure 418c-1

Figure 418c-2




Figure 419





Figure 420


Figure 421


Table 4-22-0

Table 4-22-1

Table 4-22-2





Table 4-1

Figure 4UN02

Figure 4UN03

Figure 4UN04-0

Figure 4UN04-1

Figure 4UN04-2


Figure 416-1

Nucleus

Microtubule

25 nm


Figure 416-2

Nucleus


10 nm


Figure 416-3

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-4

Nucleus


Figure 416-5

Nucleus


Figure 416-6











Figure 417








>


Video Chlamydomonas

>


Figure 418a

Cilia


Figure 418b

Flagellum














>


Figure 418c-0




Plasma membrane


Figure 418c-1





Figure 418c-2




Plasma membrane
















Figure 419

Collagen fiber

EXTRACELLULAR FLUID

CYTOPLASM



Integrin

Plasmamembrane










>



>



>


Figure 420

Tight junction

Anchoringjunction

Gap junction












Figure 421

Vacuole

Plant cellwalls

Plasmodesmata


Cytosol






communication


Table 4-22-0


Table 4-22-1


Table 4-22-2






membranes


















Table 4-1


Figure 4UN02


Figure 4UN03

a bc

d

e

f

g

h

i

jk

l


Figure 4UN04-0


Mark


Figure 4UN04-1


Mark


Figure 4UN04-2

Slide 1

Introduction

Introduction (2)

Figure 40-1

Figure 40-2

Slide 6





Figure 41a

Figure 41b

Figure 41c

Figure 41d

Figure 41e-0

Figure 41e-1

Figure 41e-2




Figure 42a



Figure 42b

Figure 4UN01






Figure 43-0

Figure 43-1

Figure 43-2







Figure 44a

Figure 44b

Slide 42




Figure 45



Figure 46

Slide 50






Figure 48a

Figure 48b





Figure 49




Figure 410a-1

Figure 410a-2

Figure 410a-3

Figure 410a-4

Figure 410b-1

Figure 410b-2

Figure 410b-3



Figure 411a

Figure 411b


Figure 412


Slide 80




Figure 413



Figure 414



Figure 415

Figure 415-1

Figure 415-2

Figure 415-3

Slide 94






Figure 416-0

Figure 416-1

Figure 416-2

Figure 416-3

Figure 416-4

Figure 416-5

Figure 416-6



Figure 417



Video Chlamydomonas

Figure 418a

Figure 418b




Figure 418c-0

Figure 418c-1

Figure 418c-2




Figure 419





Figure 420


Figure 421


Table 4-22-0

Table 4-22-1

Table 4-22-2





Table 4-1

Figure 4UN02

Figure 4UN03

Figure 4UN04-0

Figure 4UN04-1

Figure 4UN04-2


Figure 416-2

Nucleus


10 nm


Figure 416-3

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-4

Nucleus


Figure 416-5

Nucleus


Figure 416-6











Figure 417








>


Video Chlamydomonas

>


Figure 418a

Cilia


Figure 418b

Flagellum














>


Figure 418c-0




Plasma membrane


Figure 418c-1





Figure 418c-2




Plasma membrane
















Figure 419

Collagen fiber

EXTRACELLULAR FLUID

CYTOPLASM



Integrin

Plasmamembrane










>



>



>


Figure 420

Tight junction

Anchoringjunction

Gap junction












Figure 421

Vacuole

Plant cellwalls

Plasmodesmata


Cytosol






communication


Table 4-22-0


Table 4-22-1


Table 4-22-2






membranes


















Table 4-1


Figure 4UN02


Figure 4UN03

a bc

d

e

f

g

h

i

jk

l


Figure 4UN04-0


Mark


Figure 4UN04-1


Mark


Figure 4UN04-2

Slide 1

Introduction

Introduction (2)

Figure 40-1

Figure 40-2

Slide 6





Figure 41a

Figure 41b

Figure 41c

Figure 41d

Figure 41e-0

Figure 41e-1

Figure 41e-2




Figure 42a



Figure 42b

Figure 4UN01






Figure 43-0

Figure 43-1

Figure 43-2







Figure 44a

Figure 44b

Slide 42




Figure 45



Figure 46

Slide 50






Figure 48a

Figure 48b





Figure 49




Figure 410a-1

Figure 410a-2

Figure 410a-3

Figure 410a-4

Figure 410b-1

Figure 410b-2

Figure 410b-3



Figure 411a

Figure 411b


Figure 412


Slide 80




Figure 413



Figure 414



Figure 415

Figure 415-1

Figure 415-2

Figure 415-3

Slide 94






Figure 416-0

Figure 416-1

Figure 416-2

Figure 416-3

Figure 416-4

Figure 416-5

Figure 416-6



Figure 417



Video Chlamydomonas

Figure 418a

Figure 418b




Figure 418c-0

Figure 418c-1

Figure 418c-2




Figure 419





Figure 420


Figure 421


Table 4-22-0

Table 4-22-1

Table 4-22-2





Table 4-1

Figure 4UN02

Figure 4UN03

Figure 4UN04-0

Figure 4UN04-1

Figure 4UN04-2


Figure 416-3

Microfilament

7 nm


Figure 416-4

Nucleus


Figure 416-5

Nucleus


Figure 416-6











Figure 417








>


Video Chlamydomonas

>


Figure 418a

Cilia


Figure 418b

Flagellum














>


Figure 418c-0




Plasma membrane


Figure 418c-1





Figure 418c-2




Plasma membrane
















Figure 419

Collagen fiber

EXTRACELLULAR FLUID

CYTOPLASM



Integrin

Plasmamembrane










>



>



>


Figure 420

Tight junction

Anchoringjunction

Gap junction












Figure 421

Vacuole

Plant cellwalls

Plasmodesmata


Cytosol






communication


Table 4-22-0


Table 4-22-1


Table 4-22-2






membranes


















Table 4-1


Figure 4UN02


Figure 4UN03

a bc

d

e

f

g

h

i

jk

l


Figure 4UN04-0


Mark


Figure 4UN04-1


Mark


Figure 4UN04-2

Slide 1

Introduction

Introduction (2)

Figure 40-1

Figure 40-2

Slide 6





Figure 41a

Figure 41b

Figure 41c

Figure 41d

Figure 41e-0

Figure 41e-1

Figure 41e-2




Figure 42a



Figure 42b

Figure 4UN01






Figure 43-0

Figure 43-1

Figure 43-2







Figure 44a

Figure 44b

Slide 42




Figure 45



Figure 46

Slide 50






Figure 48a

Figure 48b





Figure 49




Figure 410a-1

Figure 410a-2

Figure 410a-3

Figure 410a-4

Figure 410b-1

Figure 410b-2

Figure 410b-3



Figure 411a

Figure 411b


Figure 412


Slide 80




Figure 413



Figure 414



Figure 415

Figure 415-1

Figure 415-2

Figure 415-3

Slide 94






Figure 416-0

Figure 416-1

Figure 416-2

Figure 416-3

Figure 416-4

Figure 416-5

Figure 416-6



Figure 417



Video Chlamydomonas

Figure 418a

Figure 418b




Figure 418c-0

Figure 418c-1

Figure 418c-2




Figure 419





Figure 420


Figure 421


Table 4-22-0

Table 4-22-1

Table 4-22-2





Table 4-1

Figure 4UN02

Figure 4UN03

Figure 4UN04-0

Figure 4UN04-1

Figure 4UN04-2


Figure 416-4

Nucleus


Figure 416-5

Nucleus


Figure 416-6











Figure 417








>


Video Chlamydomonas

>


Figure 418a

Cilia


Figure 418b

Flagellum














>


Figure 418c-0




Plasma membrane


Figure 418c-1





Figure 418c-2




Plasma membrane
















Figure 419

Collagen fiber

EXTRACELLULAR FLUID

CYTOPLASM



Integrin

Plasmamembrane










>



>



>


Figure 420

Tight junction

Anchoringjunction

Gap junction












Figure 421

Vacuole

Plant cellwalls

Plasmodesmata


Cytosol






communication


Table 4-22-0


Table 4-22-1


Table 4-22-2






membranes


















Table 4-1


Figure 4UN02


Figure 4UN03

a bc

d

e

f

g

h

i

jk

l


Figure 4UN04-0


Mark


Figure 4UN04-1


Mark


Figure 4UN04-2

Slide 1

Introduction

Introduction (2)

Figure 40-1

Figure 40-2

Slide 6





Figure 41a

Figure 41b

Figure 41c

Figure 41d

Figure 41e-0

Figure 41e-1

Figure 41e-2




Figure 42a



Figure 42b

Figure 4UN01






Figure 43-0

Figure 43-1

Figure 43-2







Figure 44a

Figure 44b

Slide 42




Figure 45



Figure 46

Slide 50






Figure 48a

Figure 48b





Figure 49




Figure 410a-1

Figure 410a-2

Figure 410a-3

Figure 410a-4

Figure 410b-1

Figure 410b-2

Figure 410b-3



Figure 411a

Figure 411b


Figure 412


Slide 80




Figure 413



Figure 414



Figure 415

Figure 415-1

Figure 415-2

Figure 415-3

Slide 94






Figure 416-0

Figure 416-1

Figure 416-2

Figure 416-3

Figure 416-4

Figure 416-5

Figure 416-6



Figure 417



Video Chlamydomonas

Figure 418a

Figure 418b




Figure 418c-0

Figure 418c-1

Figure 418c-2




Figure 419





Figure 420


Figure 421


Table 4-22-0

Table 4-22-1

Table 4-22-2





Table 4-1

Figure 4UN02

Figure 4UN03

Figure 4UN04-0

Figure 4UN04-1

Figure 4UN04-2


Figure 416-5

Nucleus


Figure 416-6











Figure 417








>


Video Chlamydomonas

>


Figure 418a

Cilia


Figure 418b

Flagellum














>


Figure 418c-0




Plasma membrane


Figure 418c-1





Figure 418c-2




Plasma membrane
















Figure 419

Collagen fiber

EXTRACELLULAR FLUID

CYTOPLASM



Integrin

Plasmamembrane










>



>



>


Figure 420

Tight junction

Anchoringjunction

Gap junction












Figure 421

Vacuole

Plant cellwalls

Plasmodesmata


Cytosol






communication


Table 4-22-0


Table 4-22-1


Table 4-22-2






membranes


















Table 4-1


Figure 4UN02


Figure 4UN03

a bc

d

e

f

g

h

i

jk

l


Figure 4UN04-0


Mark


Figure 4UN04-1


Mark


Figure 4UN04-2

Slide 1

Introduction

Introduction (2)

Figure 40-1

Figure 40-2

Slide 6





Figure 41a

Figure 41b

Figure 41c

Figure 41d

Figure 41e-0

Figure 41e-1

Figure 41e-2




Figure 42a



Figure 42b

Figure 4UN01






Figure 43-0

Figure 43-1

Figure 43-2







Figure 44a

Figure 44b

Slide 42




Figure 45



Figure 46

Slide 50






Figure 48a

Figure 48b





Figure 49




Figure 410a-1

Figure 410a-2

Figure 410a-3

Figure 410a-4

Figure 410b-1

Figure 410b-2

Figure 410b-3



Figure 411a

Figure 411b


Figure 412


Slide 80




Figure 413



Figure 414



Figure 415

Figure 415-1

Figure 415-2

Figure 415-3

Slide 94






Figure 416-0

Figure 416-1

Figure 416-2

Figure 416-3

Figure 416-4

Figure 416-5

Figure 416-6



Figure 417



Video Chlamydomonas

Figure 418a

Figure 418b




Figure 418c-0

Figure 418c-1

Figure 418c-2




Figure 419





Figure 420


Figure 421


Table 4-22-0

Table 4-22-1

Table 4-22-2





Table 4-1

Figure 4UN02

Figure 4UN03

Figure 4UN04-0

Figure 4UN04-1

Figure 4UN04-2


Figure 416-6











Figure 417








>


Video Chlamydomonas

>


Figure 418a

Cilia


Figure 418b

Flagellum














>


Figure 418c-0




Plasma membrane


Figure 418c-1





Figure 418c-2




Plasma membrane
















Figure 419

Collagen fiber

EXTRACELLULAR FLUID

CYTOPLASM



Integrin

Plasmamembrane










>



>



>


Figure 420

Tight junction

Anchoringjunction

Gap junction












Figure 421

Vacuole

Plant cellwalls

Plasmodesmata


Cytosol






communication


Table 4-22-0


Table 4-22-1


Table 4-22-2






membranes


















Table 4-1


Figure 4UN02


Figure 4UN03

a bc

d

e

f

g

h

i

jk

l


Figure 4UN04-0


Mark


Figure 4UN04-1


Mark


Figure 4UN04-2

Slide 1

Introduction

Introduction (2)

Figure 40-1

Figure 40-2

Slide 6





Figure 41a

Figure 41b

Figure 41c

Figure 41d

Figure 41e-0

Figure 41e-1

Figure 41e-2




Figure 42a



Figure 42b

Figure 4UN01






Figure 43-0

Figure 43-1

Figure 43-2







Figure 44a

Figure 44b

Slide 42




Figure 45



Figure 46

Slide 50






Figure 48a

Figure 48b





Figure 49




Figure 410a-1

Figure 410a-2

Figure 410a-3

Figure 410a-4

Figure 410b-1

Figure 410b-2

Figure 410b-3



Figure 411a

Figure 411b


Figure 412


Slide 80




Figure 413



Figure 414



Figure 415

Figure 415-1

Figure 415-2

Figure 415-3

Slide 94






Figure 416-0

Figure 416-1

Figure 416-2

Figure 416-3

Figure 416-4

Figure 416-5

Figure 416-6



Figure 417



Video Chlamydomonas

Figure 418a

Figure 418b




Figure 418c-0

Figure 418c-1

Figure 418c-2




Figure 419





Figure 420


Figure 421


Table 4-22-0

Table 4-22-1

Table 4-22-2





Table 4-1

Figure 4UN02

Figure 4UN03

Figure 4UN04-0

Figure 4UN04-1

Figure 4UN04-2











Figure 417








>


Video Chlamydomonas

>


Figure 418a

Cilia


Figure 418b

Flagellum














>


Figure 418c-0




Plasma membrane


Figure 418c-1





Figure 418c-2




Plasma membrane
















Figure 419

Collagen fiber

EXTRACELLULAR FLUID

CYTOPLASM



Integrin

Plasmamembrane










>



>



>


Figure 420

Tight junction

Anchoringjunction

Gap junction












Figure 421

Vacuole

Plant cellwalls

Plasmodesmata


Cytosol






communication


Table 4-22-0


Table 4-22-1


Table 4-22-2






membranes


















Table 4-1


Figure 4UN02


Figure 4UN03

a bc

d

e

f

g

h

i

jk

l


Figure 4UN04-0


Mark


Figure 4UN04-1


Mark


Figure 4UN04-2

Slide 1

Introduction

Introduction (2)

Figure 40-1

Figure 40-2

Slide 6





Figure 41a

Figure 41b

Figure 41c

Figure 41d

Figure 41e-0

Figure 41e-1

Figure 41e-2




Figure 42a



Figure 42b

Figure 4UN01






Figure 43-0

Figure 43-1

Figure 43-2







Figure 44a

Figure 44b

Slide 42




Figure 45



Figure 46

Slide 50






Figure 48a

Figure 48b





Figure 49




Figure 410a-1

Figure 410a-2

Figure 410a-3

Figure 410a-4

Figure 410b-1

Figure 410b-2

Figure 410b-3



Figure 411a

Figure 411b


Figure 412


Slide 80




Figure 413



Figure 414



Figure 415

Figure 415-1

Figure 415-2

Figure 415-3

Slide 94






Figure 416-0

Figure 416-1

Figure 416-2

Figure 416-3

Figure 416-4

Figure 416-5

Figure 416-6



Figure 417



Video Chlamydomonas

Figure 418a

Figure 418b




Figure 418c-0

Figure 418c-1

Figure 418c-2




Figure 419





Figure 420


Figure 421


Table 4-22-0

Table 4-22-1

Table 4-22-2





Table 4-1

Figure 4UN02

Figure 4UN03

Figure 4UN04-0

Figure 4UN04-1

Figure 4UN04-2








>


Video Chlamydomonas

>


Figure 418a

Cilia


Figure 418b

Flagellum














>


Figure 418c-0




Plasma membrane


Figure 418c-1





Figure 418c-2




Plasma membrane
















Figure 419

Collagen fiber

EXTRACELLULAR FLUID

CYTOPLASM



Integrin

Plasmamembrane










>



>



>


Figure 420

Tight junction

Anchoringjunction

Gap junction












Figure 421

Vacuole

Plant cellwalls

Plasmodesmata


Cytosol






communication


Table 4-22-0


Table 4-22-1


Table 4-22-2






membranes


















Table 4-1


Figure 4UN02


Figure 4UN03

a bc

d

e

f

g

h

i

jk

l


Figure 4UN04-0


Mark


Figure 4UN04-1


Mark


Figure 4UN04-2

Slide 1

Introduction

Introduction (2)

Figure 40-1

Figure 40-2

Slide 6





Figure 41a

Figure 41b

Figure 41c

Figure 41d

Figure 41e-0

Figure 41e-1

Figure 41e-2




Figure 42a



Figure 42b

Figure 4UN01






Figure 43-0

Figure 43-1

Figure 43-2







Figure 44a

Figure 44b

Slide 42




Figure 45



Figure 46

Slide 50






Figure 48a

Figure 48b





Figure 49




Figure 410a-1

Figure 410a-2

Figure 410a-3

Figure 410a-4

Figure 410b-1

Figure 410b-2

Figure 410b-3



Figure 411a

Figure 411b


Figure 412


Slide 80




Figure 413



Figure 414



Figure 415

Figure 415-1

Figure 415-2

Figure 415-3

Slide 94






Figure 416-0

Figure 416-1

Figure 416-2

Figure 416-3

Figure 416-4

Figure 416-5

Figure 416-6



Figure 417



Video Chlamydomonas

Figure 418a

Figure 418b




Figure 418c-0

Figure 418c-1

Figure 418c-2




Figure 419





Figure 420


Figure 421


Table 4-22-0

Table 4-22-1

Table 4-22-2





Table 4-1

Figure 4UN02

Figure 4UN03

Figure 4UN04-0

Figure 4UN04-1

Figure 4UN04-2


Video Chlamydomonas

>


Figure 418a

Cilia


Figure 418b

Flagellum














>


Figure 418c-0




Plasma membrane


Figure 418c-1





Figure 418c-2




Plasma membrane
















Figure 419

Collagen fiber

EXTRACELLULAR FLUID

CYTOPLASM



Integrin

Plasmamembrane










>



>



>


Figure 420

Tight junction

Anchoringjunction

Gap junction












Figure 421

Vacuole

Plant cellwalls

Plasmodesmata


Cytosol






communication


Table 4-22-0


Table 4-22-1


Table 4-22-2






membranes


















Table 4-1


Figure 4UN02


Figure 4UN03

a bc

d

e

f

g

h

i

jk

l


Figure 4UN04-0


Mark


Figure 4UN04-1


Mark


Figure 4UN04-2

Slide 1

Introduction

Introduction (2)

Figure 40-1

Figure 40-2

Slide 6





Figure 41a

Figure 41b

Figure 41c

Figure 41d

Figure 41e-0

Figure 41e-1

Figure 41e-2




Figure 42a



Figure 42b

Figure 4UN01






Figure 43-0

Figure 43-1

Figure 43-2







Figure 44a

Figure 44b

Slide 42




Figure 45



Figure 46

Slide 50






Figure 48a

Figure 48b





Figure 49




Figure 410a-1

Figure 410a-2

Figure 410a-3

Figure 410a-4

Figure 410b-1

Figure 410b-2

Figure 410b-3



Figure 411a

Figure 411b


Figure 412


Slide 80




Figure 413



Figure 414



Figure 415

Figure 415-1

Figure 415-2

Figure 415-3

Slide 94






Figure 416-0

Figure 416-1

Figure 416-2

Figure 416-3

Figure 416-4

Figure 416-5

Figure 416-6



Figure 417



Video Chlamydomonas

Figure 418a

Figure 418b




Figure 418c-0

Figure 418c-1

Figure 418c-2




Figure 419





Figure 420


Figure 421


Table 4-22-0

Table 4-22-1

Table 4-22-2





Table 4-1

Figure 4UN02

Figure 4UN03

Figure 4UN04-0

Figure 4UN04-1

Figure 4UN04-2


Figure 418a

Cilia


Figure 418b

Flagellum














>


Figure 418c-0




Plasma membrane


Figure 418c-1





Figure 418c-2




Plasma membrane
















Figure 419

Collagen fiber

EXTRACELLULAR FLUID

CYTOPLASM



Integrin

Plasmamembrane










>



>



>


Figure 420

Tight junction

Anchoringjunction

Gap junction












Figure 421

Vacuole

Plant cellwalls

Plasmodesmata


Cytosol






communication


Table 4-22-0


Table 4-22-1


Table 4-22-2






membranes


















Table 4-1


Figure 4UN02


Figure 4UN03

a bc

d

e

f

g

h

i

jk

l


Figure 4UN04-0


Mark


Figure 4UN04-1


Mark


Figure 4UN04-2

Slide 1

Introduction

Introduction (2)

Figure 40-1

Figure 40-2

Slide 6





Figure 41a

Figure 41b

Figure 41c

Figure 41d

Figure 41e-0

Figure 41e-1

Figure 41e-2




Figure 42a



Figure 42b

Figure 4UN01






Figure 43-0

Figure 43-1

Figure 43-2







Figure 44a

Figure 44b

Slide 42




Figure 45



Figure 46

Slide 50






Figure 48a

Figure 48b





Figure 49




Figure 410a-1

Figure 410a-2

Figure 410a-3

Figure 410a-4

Figure 410b-1

Figure 410b-2

Figure 410b-3



Figure 411a

Figure 411b


Figure 412


Slide 80




Figure 413



Figure 414



Figure 415

Figure 415-1

Figure 415-2

Figure 415-3

Slide 94






Figure 416-0

Figure 416-1

Figure 416-2

Figure 416-3

Figure 416-4

Figure 416-5

Figure 416-6



Figure 417



Video Chlamydomonas

Figure 418a

Figure 418b




Figure 418c-0

Figure 418c-1

Figure 418c-2




Figure 419





Figure 420


Figure 421


Table 4-22-0

Table 4-22-1

Table 4-22-2





Table 4-1

Figure 4UN02

Figure 4UN03

Figure 4UN04-0

Figure 4UN04-1

Figure 4UN04-2


Figure 418b

Flagellum














>


Figure 418c-0




Plasma membrane


Figure 418c-1





Figure 418c-2




Plasma membrane
















Figure 419

Collagen fiber

EXTRACELLULAR FLUID

CYTOPLASM



Integrin

Plasmamembrane










>



>



>


Figure 420

Tight junction

Anchoringjunction

Gap junction












Figure 421

Vacuole

Plant cellwalls

Plasmodesmata


Cytosol






communication


Table 4-22-0


Table 4-22-1


Table 4-22-2






membranes


















Table 4-1


Figure 4UN02


Figure 4UN03

a bc

d

e

f

g

h

i

jk

l


Figure 4UN04-0


Mark


Figure 4UN04-1


Mark


Figure 4UN04-2

Slide 1

Introduction

Introduction (2)

Figure 40-1

Figure 40-2

Slide 6





Figure 41a

Figure 41b

Figure 41c

Figure 41d

Figure 41e-0

Figure 41e-1

Figure 41e-2




Figure 42a



Figure 42b

Figure 4UN01






Figure 43-0

Figure 43-1

Figure 43-2







Figure 44a

Figure 44b

Slide 42




Figure 45



Figure 46

Slide 50






Figure 48a

Figure 48b





Figure 49




Figure 410a-1

Figure 410a-2

Figure 410a-3

Figure 410a-4

Figure 410b-1

Figure 410b-2

Figure 410b-3



Figure 411a

Figure 411b


Figure 412


Slide 80




Figure 413



Figure 414



Figure 415

Figure 415-1

Figure 415-2

Figure 415-3

Slide 94






Figure 416-0

Figure 416-1

Figure 416-2

Figure 416-3

Figure 416-4

Figure 416-5

Figure 416-6



Figure 417



Video Chlamydomonas

Figure 418a

Figure 418b




Figure 418c-0

Figure 418c-1

Figure 418c-2




Figure 419





Figure 420


Figure 421


Table 4-22-0

Table 4-22-1

Table 4-22-2





Table 4-1

Figure 4UN02

Figure 4UN03

Figure 4UN04-0

Figure 4UN04-1

Figure 4UN04-2














>


Figure 418c-0




Plasma membrane


Figure 418c-1





Figure 418c-2




Plasma membrane
















Figure 419

Collagen fiber

EXTRACELLULAR FLUID

CYTOPLASM



Integrin

Plasmamembrane










>



>



>


Figure 420

Tight junction

Anchoringjunction

Gap junction












Figure 421

Vacuole

Plant cellwalls

Plasmodesmata


Cytosol






communication


Table 4-22-0


Table 4-22-1


Table 4-22-2






membranes


















Table 4-1


Figure 4UN02


Figure 4UN03

a bc

d

e

f

g

h

i

jk

l


Figure 4UN04-0


Mark


Figure 4UN04-1


Mark


Figure 4UN04-2

Slide 1

Introduction

Introduction (2)

Figure 40-1

Figure 40-2

Slide 6





Figure 41a

Figure 41b

Figure 41c

Figure 41d

Figure 41e-0

Figure 41e-1

Figure 41e-2




Figure 42a



Figure 42b

Figure 4UN01






Figure 43-0

Figure 43-1

Figure 43-2







Figure 44a

Figure 44b

Slide 42




Figure 45



Figure 46

Slide 50






Figure 48a

Figure 48b





Figure 49




Figure 410a-1

Figure 410a-2

Figure 410a-3

Figure 410a-4

Figure 410b-1

Figure 410b-2

Figure 410b-3



Figure 411a

Figure 411b


Figure 412


Slide 80




Figure 413



Figure 414



Figure 415

Figure 415-1

Figure 415-2

Figure 415-3

Slide 94






Figure 416-0

Figure 416-1

Figure 416-2

Figure 416-3

Figure 416-4

Figure 416-5

Figure 416-6



Figure 417



Video Chlamydomonas

Figure 418a

Figure 418b




Figure 418c-0

Figure 418c-1

Figure 418c-2




Figure 419





Figure 420


Figure 421


Table 4-22-0

Table 4-22-1

Table 4-22-2





Table 4-1

Figure 4UN02

Figure 4UN03

Figure 4UN04-0

Figure 4UN04-1

Figure 4UN04-2


Figure 418c-0




Plasma membrane


Figure 418c-1





Figure 418c-2




Plasma membrane
















Figure 419

Collagen fiber

EXTRACELLULAR FLUID

CYTOPLASM



Integrin

Plasmamembrane










>



>



>


Figure 420

Tight junction

Anchoringjunction

Gap junction












Figure 421

Vacuole

Plant cellwalls

Plasmodesmata


Cytosol






communication


Table 4-22-0


Table 4-22-1


Table 4-22-2






membranes


















Table 4-1


Figure 4UN02


Figure 4UN03

a bc

d

e

f

g

h

i

jk

l


Figure 4UN04-0


Mark


Figure 4UN04-1


Mark


Figure 4UN04-2

Slide 1

Introduction

Introduction (2)

Figure 40-1

Figure 40-2

Slide 6





Figure 41a

Figure 41b

Figure 41c

Figure 41d

Figure 41e-0

Figure 41e-1

Figure 41e-2




Figure 42a



Figure 42b

Figure 4UN01






Figure 43-0

Figure 43-1

Figure 43-2







Figure 44a

Figure 44b

Slide 42




Figure 45



Figure 46

Slide 50






Figure 48a

Figure 48b





Figure 49




Figure 410a-1

Figure 410a-2

Figure 410a-3

Figure 410a-4

Figure 410b-1

Figure 410b-2

Figure 410b-3



Figure 411a

Figure 411b


Figure 412


Slide 80




Figure 413



Figure 414



Figure 415

Figure 415-1

Figure 415-2

Figure 415-3

Slide 94






Figure 416-0

Figure 416-1

Figure 416-2

Figure 416-3

Figure 416-4

Figure 416-5

Figure 416-6



Figure 417



Video Chlamydomonas

Figure 418a

Figure 418b




Figure 418c-0

Figure 418c-1

Figure 418c-2




Figure 419





Figure 420


Figure 421


Table 4-22-0

Table 4-22-1

Table 4-22-2





Table 4-1

Figure 4UN02

Figure 4UN03

Figure 4UN04-0

Figure 4UN04-1

Figure 4UN04-2


Figure 418c-1





Figure 418c-2




Plasma membrane
















Figure 419

Collagen fiber

EXTRACELLULAR FLUID

CYTOPLASM



Integrin

Plasmamembrane










>



>



>


Figure 420

Tight junction

Anchoringjunction

Gap junction












Figure 421

Vacuole

Plant cellwalls

Plasmodesmata


Cytosol






communication


Table 4-22-0


Table 4-22-1


Table 4-22-2






membranes


















Table 4-1


Figure 4UN02


Figure 4UN03

a bc

d

e

f

g

h

i

jk

l


Figure 4UN04-0


Mark


Figure 4UN04-1


Mark


Figure 4UN04-2

Slide 1

Introduction

Introduction (2)

Figure 40-1

Figure 40-2

Slide 6





Figure 41a

Figure 41b

Figure 41c

Figure 41d

Figure 41e-0

Figure 41e-1

Figure 41e-2




Figure 42a



Figure 42b

Figure 4UN01






Figure 43-0

Figure 43-1

Figure 43-2







Figure 44a

Figure 44b

Slide 42




Figure 45



Figure 46

Slide 50






Figure 48a

Figure 48b





Figure 49




Figure 410a-1

Figure 410a-2

Figure 410a-3

Figure 410a-4

Figure 410b-1

Figure 410b-2

Figure 410b-3



Figure 411a

Figure 411b


Figure 412


Slide 80




Figure 413



Figure 414



Figure 415

Figure 415-1

Figure 415-2

Figure 415-3

Slide 94






Figure 416-0

Figure 416-1

Figure 416-2

Figure 416-3

Figure 416-4

Figure 416-5

Figure 416-6



Figure 417



Video Chlamydomonas

Figure 418a

Figure 418b




Figure 418c-0

Figure 418c-1

Figure 418c-2




Figure 419





Figure 420


Figure 421


Table 4-22-0

Table 4-22-1

Table 4-22-2





Table 4-1

Figure 4UN02

Figure 4UN03

Figure 4UN04-0

Figure 4UN04-1

Figure 4UN04-2


Figure 418c-2




Plasma membrane
















Figure 419

Collagen fiber

EXTRACELLULAR FLUID

CYTOPLASM



Integrin

Plasmamembrane










>



>



>


Figure 420

Tight junction

Anchoringjunction

Gap junction












Figure 421

Vacuole

Plant cellwalls

Plasmodesmata


Cytosol






communication


Table 4-22-0


Table 4-22-1


Table 4-22-2






membranes


















Table 4-1


Figure 4UN02


Figure 4UN03

a bc

d

e

f

g

h

i

jk

l


Figure 4UN04-0


Mark


Figure 4UN04-1


Mark


Figure 4UN04-2

Slide 1

Introduction

Introduction (2)

Figure 40-1

Figure 40-2

Slide 6





Figure 41a

Figure 41b

Figure 41c

Figure 41d

Figure 41e-0

Figure 41e-1

Figure 41e-2




Figure 42a



Figure 42b

Figure 4UN01






Figure 43-0

Figure 43-1

Figure 43-2







Figure 44a

Figure 44b

Slide 42




Figure 45



Figure 46

Slide 50






Figure 48a

Figure 48b





Figure 49




Figure 410a-1

Figure 410a-2

Figure 410a-3

Figure 410a-4

Figure 410b-1

Figure 410b-2

Figure 410b-3



Figure 411a

Figure 411b


Figure 412


Slide 80




Figure 413



Figure 414



Figure 415

Figure 415-1

Figure 415-2

Figure 415-3

Slide 94






Figure 416-0

Figure 416-1

Figure 416-2

Figure 416-3

Figure 416-4

Figure 416-5

Figure 416-6



Figure 417



Video Chlamydomonas

Figure 418a

Figure 418b




Figure 418c-0

Figure 418c-1

Figure 418c-2




Figure 419





Figure 420


Figure 421


Table 4-22-0

Table 4-22-1

Table 4-22-2





Table 4-1

Figure 4UN02

Figure 4UN03

Figure 4UN04-0

Figure 4UN04-1

Figure 4UN04-2
















Figure 419

Collagen fiber

EXTRACELLULAR FLUID

CYTOPLASM



Integrin

Plasmamembrane










>



>



>


Figure 420

Tight junction

Anchoringjunction

Gap junction












Figure 421

Vacuole

Plant cellwalls

Plasmodesmata


Cytosol






communication


Table 4-22-0


Table 4-22-1


Table 4-22-2






membranes


















Table 4-1


Figure 4UN02


Figure 4UN03

a bc

d

e

f

g

h

i

jk

l


Figure 4UN04-0


Mark


Figure 4UN04-1


Mark


Figure 4UN04-2

Slide 1

Introduction

Introduction (2)

Figure 40-1

Figure 40-2

Slide 6





Figure 41a

Figure 41b

Figure 41c

Figure 41d

Figure 41e-0

Figure 41e-1

Figure 41e-2




Figure 42a



Figure 42b

Figure 4UN01






Figure 43-0

Figure 43-1

Figure 43-2







Figure 44a

Figure 44b

Slide 42




Figure 45



Figure 46

Slide 50






Figure 48a

Figure 48b





Figure 49




Figure 410a-1

Figure 410a-2

Figure 410a-3

Figure 410a-4

Figure 410b-1

Figure 410b-2

Figure 410b-3



Figure 411a

Figure 411b


Figure 412


Slide 80




Figure 413



Figure 414



Figure 415

Figure 415-1

Figure 415-2

Figure 415-3

Slide 94






Figure 416-0

Figure 416-1

Figure 416-2

Figure 416-3

Figure 416-4

Figure 416-5

Figure 416-6



Figure 417



Video Chlamydomonas

Figure 418a

Figure 418b




Figure 418c-0

Figure 418c-1

Figure 418c-2




Figure 419





Figure 420


Figure 421


Table 4-22-0

Table 4-22-1

Table 4-22-2





Table 4-1

Figure 4UN02

Figure 4UN03

Figure 4UN04-0

Figure 4UN04-1

Figure 4UN04-2









>



>



>


Figure 420

Tight junction

Anchoringjunction

Gap junction












Figure 421

Vacuole

Plant cellwalls

Plasmodesmata


Cytosol






communication


Table 4-22-0


Table 4-22-1


Table 4-22-2






membranes


















Table 4-1


Figure 4UN02


Figure 4UN03

a bc

d

e

f

g

h

i

jk

l


Figure 4UN04-0


Mark


Figure 4UN04-1


Mark


Figure 4UN04-2

Slide 1

Introduction

Introduction (2)

Figure 40-1

Figure 40-2

Slide 6





Figure 41a

Figure 41b

Figure 41c

Figure 41d

Figure 41e-0

Figure 41e-1

Figure 41e-2




Figure 42a



Figure 42b

Figure 4UN01






Figure 43-0

Figure 43-1

Figure 43-2







Figure 44a

Figure 44b

Slide 42




Figure 45



Figure 46

Slide 50






Figure 48a

Figure 48b





Figure 49




Figure 410a-1

Figure 410a-2

Figure 410a-3

Figure 410a-4

Figure 410b-1

Figure 410b-2

Figure 410b-3



Figure 411a

Figure 411b


Figure 412


Slide 80




Figure 413



Figure 414



Figure 415

Figure 415-1

Figure 415-2

Figure 415-3

Slide 94






Figure 416-0

Figure 416-1

Figure 416-2

Figure 416-3

Figure 416-4

Figure 416-5

Figure 416-6



Figure 417



Video Chlamydomonas

Figure 418a

Figure 418b




Figure 418c-0

Figure 418c-1

Figure 418c-2




Figure 419





Figure 420


Figure 421


Table 4-22-0

Table 4-22-1

Table 4-22-2





Table 4-1

Figure 4UN02

Figure 4UN03

Figure 4UN04-0

Figure 4UN04-1

Figure 4UN04-2



>



>


Figure 420

Tight junction

Anchoringjunction

Gap junction












Figure 421

Vacuole

Plant cellwalls

Plasmodesmata


Cytosol






communication


Table 4-22-0


Table 4-22-1


Table 4-22-2






membranes


















Table 4-1


Figure 4UN02


Figure 4UN03

a bc

d

e

f

g

h

i

jk

l


Figure 4UN04-0


Mark


Figure 4UN04-1


Mark


Figure 4UN04-2

Slide 1

Introduction

Introduction (2)

Figure 40-1

Figure 40-2

Slide 6





Figure 41a

Figure 41b

Figure 41c

Figure 41d

Figure 41e-0

Figure 41e-1

Figure 41e-2




Figure 42a



Figure 42b

Figure 4UN01






Figure 43-0

Figure 43-1

Figure 43-2







Figure 44a

Figure 44b

Slide 42




Figure 45



Figure 46

Slide 50






Figure 48a

Figure 48b





Figure 49




Figure 410a-1

Figure 410a-2

Figure 410a-3

Figure 410a-4

Figure 410b-1

Figure 410b-2

Figure 410b-3



Figure 411a

Figure 411b


Figure 412


Slide 80




Figure 413



Figure 414



Figure 415

Figure 415-1

Figure 415-2

Figure 415-3

Slide 94






Figure 416-0

Figure 416-1

Figure 416-2

Figure 416-3

Figure 416-4

Figure 416-5

Figure 416-6



Figure 417



Video Chlamydomonas

Figure 418a

Figure 418b




Figure 418c-0

Figure 418c-1

Figure 418c-2




Figure 419





Figure 420


Figure 421


Table 4-22-0

Table 4-22-1

Table 4-22-2





Table 4-1

Figure 4UN02

Figure 4UN03

Figure 4UN04-0

Figure 4UN04-1

Figure 4UN04-2



>


Figure 420

Tight junction

Anchoringjunction

Gap junction












Figure 421

Vacuole

Plant cellwalls

Plasmodesmata


Cytosol






communication


Table 4-22-0


Table 4-22-1


Table 4-22-2






membranes


















Table 4-1


Figure 4UN02


Figure 4UN03

a bc

d

e

f

g

h

i

jk

l


Figure 4UN04-0


Mark


Figure 4UN04-1


Mark


Figure 4UN04-2

Slide 1

Introduction

Introduction (2)

Figure 40-1

Figure 40-2

Slide 6





Figure 41a

Figure 41b

Figure 41c

Figure 41d

Figure 41e-0

Figure 41e-1

Figure 41e-2




Figure 42a



Figure 42b

Figure 4UN01






Figure 43-0

Figure 43-1

Figure 43-2







Figure 44a

Figure 44b

Slide 42




Figure 45



Figure 46

Slide 50






Figure 48a

Figure 48b





Figure 49




Figure 410a-1

Figure 410a-2

Figure 410a-3

Figure 410a-4

Figure 410b-1

Figure 410b-2

Figure 410b-3



Figure 411a

Figure 411b


Figure 412


Slide 80




Figure 413



Figure 414



Figure 415

Figure 415-1

Figure 415-2

Figure 415-3

Slide 94






Figure 416-0

Figure 416-1

Figure 416-2

Figure 416-3

Figure 416-4

Figure 416-5

Figure 416-6



Figure 417



Video Chlamydomonas

Figure 418a

Figure 418b




Figure 418c-0

Figure 418c-1

Figure 418c-2




Figure 419





Figure 420


Figure 421


Table 4-22-0

Table 4-22-1

Table 4-22-2





Table 4-1

Figure 4UN02

Figure 4UN03

Figure 4UN04-0

Figure 4UN04-1

Figure 4UN04-2


Figure 420

Tight junction

Anchoringjunction

Gap junction












Figure 421

Vacuole

Plant cellwalls

Plasmodesmata


Cytosol






communication


Table 4-22-0


Table 4-22-1


Table 4-22-2






membranes


















Table 4-1


Figure 4UN02


Figure 4UN03

a bc

d

e

f

g

h

i

jk

l


Figure 4UN04-0


Mark


Figure 4UN04-1


Mark


Figure 4UN04-2

Slide 1

Introduction

Introduction (2)

Figure 40-1

Figure 40-2

Slide 6





Figure 41a

Figure 41b

Figure 41c

Figure 41d

Figure 41e-0

Figure 41e-1

Figure 41e-2




Figure 42a



Figure 42b

Figure 4UN01






Figure 43-0

Figure 43-1

Figure 43-2







Figure 44a

Figure 44b

Slide 42




Figure 45



Figure 46

Slide 50






Figure 48a

Figure 48b





Figure 49




Figure 410a-1

Figure 410a-2

Figure 410a-3

Figure 410a-4

Figure 410b-1

Figure 410b-2

Figure 410b-3



Figure 411a

Figure 411b


Figure 412


Slide 80




Figure 413



Figure 414



Figure 415

Figure 415-1

Figure 415-2

Figure 415-3

Slide 94






Figure 416-0

Figure 416-1

Figure 416-2

Figure 416-3

Figure 416-4

Figure 416-5

Figure 416-6



Figure 417



Video Chlamydomonas

Figure 418a

Figure 418b




Figure 418c-0

Figure 418c-1

Figure 418c-2




Figure 419





Figure 420


Figure 421


Table 4-22-0

Table 4-22-1

Table 4-22-2





Table 4-1

Figure 4UN02

Figure 4UN03

Figure 4UN04-0

Figure 4UN04-1

Figure 4UN04-2









Figure 421

Vacuole

Plant cellwalls

Plasmodesmata


Cytosol






communication


Table 4-22-0


Table 4-22-1


Table 4-22-2






membranes


















Table 4-1


Figure 4UN02


Figure 4UN03

a bc

d

e

f

g

h

i

jk

l


Figure 4UN04-0


Mark


Figure 4UN04-1


Mark


Figure 4UN04-2

Slide 1

Introduction

Introduction (2)

Figure 40-1

Figure 40-2

Slide 6





Figure 41a

Figure 41b

Figure 41c

Figure 41d

Figure 41e-0

Figure 41e-1

Figure 41e-2




Figure 42a



Figure 42b

Figure 4UN01






Figure 43-0

Figure 43-1

Figure 43-2







Figure 44a

Figure 44b

Slide 42




Figure 45



Figure 46

Slide 50






Figure 48a

Figure 48b





Figure 49




Figure 410a-1

Figure 410a-2

Figure 410a-3

Figure 410a-4

Figure 410b-1

Figure 410b-2

Figure 410b-3



Figure 411a

Figure 411b


Figure 412


Slide 80




Figure 413



Figure 414



Figure 415

Figure 415-1

Figure 415-2

Figure 415-3

Slide 94






Figure 416-0

Figure 416-1

Figure 416-2

Figure 416-3

Figure 416-4

Figure 416-5

Figure 416-6



Figure 417



Video Chlamydomonas

Figure 418a

Figure 418b




Figure 418c-0

Figure 418c-1

Figure 418c-2




Figure 419





Figure 420


Figure 421


Table 4-22-0

Table 4-22-1

Table 4-22-2





Table 4-1

Figure 4UN02

Figure 4UN03

Figure 4UN04-0

Figure 4UN04-1

Figure 4UN04-2






communication


Table 4-22-0


Table 4-22-1


Table 4-22-2






membranes


















Table 4-1


Figure 4UN02


Figure 4UN03

a bc

d

e

f

g

h

i

jk

l


Figure 4UN04-0


Mark


Figure 4UN04-1


Mark


Figure 4UN04-2

Slide 1

Introduction

Introduction (2)

Figure 40-1

Figure 40-2

Slide 6





Figure 41a

Figure 41b

Figure 41c

Figure 41d

Figure 41e-0

Figure 41e-1

Figure 41e-2




Figure 42a



Figure 42b

Figure 4UN01






Figure 43-0

Figure 43-1

Figure 43-2







Figure 44a

Figure 44b

Slide 42




Figure 45



Figure 46

Slide 50






Figure 48a

Figure 48b





Figure 49




Figure 410a-1

Figure 410a-2

Figure 410a-3

Figure 410a-4

Figure 410b-1

Figure 410b-2

Figure 410b-3



Figure 411a

Figure 411b


Figure 412


Slide 80




Figure 413



Figure 414



Figure 415

Figure 415-1

Figure 415-2

Figure 415-3

Slide 94






Figure 416-0

Figure 416-1

Figure 416-2

Figure 416-3

Figure 416-4

Figure 416-5

Figure 416-6



Figure 417



Video Chlamydomonas

Figure 418a

Figure 418b




Figure 418c-0

Figure 418c-1

Figure 418c-2




Figure 419





Figure 420


Figure 421


Table 4-22-0

Table 4-22-1

Table 4-22-2





Table 4-1

Figure 4UN02

Figure 4UN03

Figure 4UN04-0

Figure 4UN04-1

Figure 4UN04-2


Table 4-22-0


Table 4-22-1


Table 4-22-2






membranes


















Table 4-1


Figure 4UN02


Figure 4UN03

a bc

d

e

f

g

h

i

jk

l


Figure 4UN04-0


Mark


Figure 4UN04-1


Mark


Figure 4UN04-2

Slide 1

Introduction

Introduction (2)

Figure 40-1

Figure 40-2

Slide 6





Figure 41a

Figure 41b

Figure 41c

Figure 41d

Figure 41e-0

Figure 41e-1

Figure 41e-2




Figure 42a



Figure 42b

Figure 4UN01






Figure 43-0

Figure 43-1

Figure 43-2







Figure 44a

Figure 44b

Slide 42




Figure 45



Figure 46

Slide 50






Figure 48a

Figure 48b





Figure 49




Figure 410a-1

Figure 410a-2

Figure 410a-3

Figure 410a-4

Figure 410b-1

Figure 410b-2

Figure 410b-3



Figure 411a

Figure 411b


Figure 412


Slide 80




Figure 413



Figure 414



Figure 415

Figure 415-1

Figure 415-2

Figure 415-3

Slide 94






Figure 416-0

Figure 416-1

Figure 416-2

Figure 416-3

Figure 416-4

Figure 416-5

Figure 416-6



Figure 417



Video Chlamydomonas

Figure 418a

Figure 418b




Figure 418c-0

Figure 418c-1

Figure 418c-2




Figure 419





Figure 420


Figure 421


Table 4-22-0

Table 4-22-1

Table 4-22-2





Table 4-1

Figure 4UN02

Figure 4UN03

Figure 4UN04-0

Figure 4UN04-1

Figure 4UN04-2


Table 4-22-1


Table 4-22-2






membranes


















Table 4-1


Figure 4UN02


Figure 4UN03

a bc

d

e

f

g

h

i

jk

l


Figure 4UN04-0


Mark


Figure 4UN04-1


Mark


Figure 4UN04-2

Slide 1

Introduction

Introduction (2)

Figure 40-1

Figure 40-2

Slide 6





Figure 41a

Figure 41b

Figure 41c

Figure 41d

Figure 41e-0

Figure 41e-1

Figure 41e-2




Figure 42a



Figure 42b

Figure 4UN01






Figure 43-0

Figure 43-1

Figure 43-2







Figure 44a

Figure 44b

Slide 42




Figure 45



Figure 46

Slide 50






Figure 48a

Figure 48b





Figure 49




Figure 410a-1

Figure 410a-2

Figure 410a-3

Figure 410a-4

Figure 410b-1

Figure 410b-2

Figure 410b-3



Figure 411a

Figure 411b


Figure 412


Slide 80




Figure 413



Figure 414



Figure 415

Figure 415-1

Figure 415-2

Figure 415-3

Slide 94






Figure 416-0

Figure 416-1

Figure 416-2

Figure 416-3

Figure 416-4

Figure 416-5

Figure 416-6



Figure 417



Video Chlamydomonas

Figure 418a

Figure 418b




Figure 418c-0

Figure 418c-1

Figure 418c-2




Figure 419





Figure 420


Figure 421


Table 4-22-0

Table 4-22-1

Table 4-22-2





Table 4-1

Figure 4UN02

Figure 4UN03

Figure 4UN04-0

Figure 4UN04-1

Figure 4UN04-2


Table 4-22-2






membranes


















Table 4-1


Figure 4UN02


Figure 4UN03

a bc

d

e

f

g

h

i

jk

l


Figure 4UN04-0


Mark


Figure 4UN04-1


Mark


Figure 4UN04-2

Slide 1

Introduction

Introduction (2)

Figure 40-1

Figure 40-2

Slide 6





Figure 41a

Figure 41b

Figure 41c

Figure 41d

Figure 41e-0

Figure 41e-1

Figure 41e-2




Figure 42a



Figure 42b

Figure 4UN01






Figure 43-0

Figure 43-1

Figure 43-2







Figure 44a

Figure 44b

Slide 42




Figure 45



Figure 46

Slide 50






Figure 48a

Figure 48b





Figure 49




Figure 410a-1

Figure 410a-2

Figure 410a-3

Figure 410a-4

Figure 410b-1

Figure 410b-2

Figure 410b-3



Figure 411a

Figure 411b


Figure 412


Slide 80




Figure 413



Figure 414



Figure 415

Figure 415-1

Figure 415-2

Figure 415-3

Slide 94






Figure 416-0

Figure 416-1

Figure 416-2

Figure 416-3

Figure 416-4

Figure 416-5

Figure 416-6



Figure 417



Video Chlamydomonas

Figure 418a

Figure 418b




Figure 418c-0

Figure 418c-1

Figure 418c-2




Figure 419





Figure 420


Figure 421


Table 4-22-0

Table 4-22-1

Table 4-22-2





Table 4-1

Figure 4UN02

Figure 4UN03

Figure 4UN04-0

Figure 4UN04-1

Figure 4UN04-2






membranes


















Table 4-1


Figure 4UN02


Figure 4UN03

a bc

d

e

f

g

h

i

jk

l


Figure 4UN04-0


Mark


Figure 4UN04-1


Mark


Figure 4UN04-2

Slide 1

Introduction

Introduction (2)

Figure 40-1

Figure 40-2

Slide 6





Figure 41a

Figure 41b

Figure 41c

Figure 41d

Figure 41e-0

Figure 41e-1

Figure 41e-2




Figure 42a



Figure 42b

Figure 4UN01






Figure 43-0

Figure 43-1

Figure 43-2







Figure 44a

Figure 44b

Slide 42




Figure 45



Figure 46

Slide 50






Figure 48a

Figure 48b





Figure 49




Figure 410a-1

Figure 410a-2

Figure 410a-3

Figure 410a-4

Figure 410b-1

Figure 410b-2

Figure 410b-3



Figure 411a

Figure 411b


Figure 412


Slide 80




Figure 413



Figure 414



Figure 415

Figure 415-1

Figure 415-2

Figure 415-3

Slide 94






Figure 416-0

Figure 416-1

Figure 416-2

Figure 416-3

Figure 416-4

Figure 416-5

Figure 416-6



Figure 417



Video Chlamydomonas

Figure 418a

Figure 418b




Figure 418c-0

Figure 418c-1

Figure 418c-2




Figure 419





Figure 420


Figure 421


Table 4-22-0

Table 4-22-1

Table 4-22-2





Table 4-1

Figure 4UN02

Figure 4UN03

Figure 4UN04-0

Figure 4UN04-1

Figure 4UN04-2


















Table 4-1


Figure 4UN02


Figure 4UN03

a bc

d

e

f

g

h

i

jk

l


Figure 4UN04-0


Mark


Figure 4UN04-1


Mark


Figure 4UN04-2

Slide 1

Introduction

Introduction (2)

Figure 40-1

Figure 40-2

Slide 6





Figure 41a

Figure 41b

Figure 41c

Figure 41d

Figure 41e-0

Figure 41e-1

Figure 41e-2




Figure 42a



Figure 42b

Figure 4UN01






Figure 43-0

Figure 43-1

Figure 43-2







Figure 44a

Figure 44b

Slide 42




Figure 45



Figure 46

Slide 50






Figure 48a

Figure 48b





Figure 49




Figure 410a-1

Figure 410a-2

Figure 410a-3

Figure 410a-4

Figure 410b-1

Figure 410b-2

Figure 410b-3



Figure 411a

Figure 411b


Figure 412


Slide 80




Figure 413



Figure 414



Figure 415

Figure 415-1

Figure 415-2

Figure 415-3

Slide 94






Figure 416-0

Figure 416-1

Figure 416-2

Figure 416-3

Figure 416-4

Figure 416-5

Figure 416-6



Figure 417



Video Chlamydomonas

Figure 418a

Figure 418b




Figure 418c-0

Figure 418c-1

Figure 418c-2




Figure 419





Figure 420


Figure 421


Table 4-22-0

Table 4-22-1

Table 4-22-2





Table 4-1

Figure 4UN02

Figure 4UN03

Figure 4UN04-0

Figure 4UN04-1

Figure 4UN04-2


Figure 4UN02


Figure 4UN03

a bc

d

e

f

g

h

i

jk

l


Figure 4UN04-0


Mark


Figure 4UN04-1


Mark


Figure 4UN04-2

Slide 1

Introduction

Introduction (2)

Figure 40-1

Figure 40-2

Slide 6





Figure 41a

Figure 41b

Figure 41c

Figure 41d

Figure 41e-0

Figure 41e-1

Figure 41e-2




Figure 42a



Figure 42b

Figure 4UN01






Figure 43-0

Figure 43-1

Figure 43-2







Figure 44a

Figure 44b

Slide 42




Figure 45



Figure 46

Slide 50






Figure 48a

Figure 48b





Figure 49




Figure 410a-1

Figure 410a-2

Figure 410a-3

Figure 410a-4

Figure 410b-1

Figure 410b-2

Figure 410b-3



Figure 411a

Figure 411b


Figure 412


Slide 80




Figure 413



Figure 414



Figure 415

Figure 415-1

Figure 415-2

Figure 415-3

Slide 94






Figure 416-0

Figure 416-1

Figure 416-2

Figure 416-3

Figure 416-4

Figure 416-5

Figure 416-6



Figure 417



Video Chlamydomonas

Figure 418a

Figure 418b




Figure 418c-0

Figure 418c-1

Figure 418c-2




Figure 419





Figure 420


Figure 421


Table 4-22-0

Table 4-22-1

Table 4-22-2





Table 4-1

Figure 4UN02

Figure 4UN03

Figure 4UN04-0

Figure 4UN04-1

Figure 4UN04-2


Figure 4UN03

a bc

d

e

f

g

h

i

jk

l


Figure 4UN04-0


Mark


Figure 4UN04-1


Mark


Figure 4UN04-2

Slide 1

Introduction

Introduction (2)

Figure 40-1

Figure 40-2

Slide 6





Figure 41a

Figure 41b

Figure 41c

Figure 41d

Figure 41e-0

Figure 41e-1

Figure 41e-2




Figure 42a



Figure 42b

Figure 4UN01






Figure 43-0

Figure 43-1

Figure 43-2







Figure 44a

Figure 44b

Slide 42




Figure 45



Figure 46

Slide 50






Figure 48a

Figure 48b





Figure 49




Figure 410a-1

Figure 410a-2

Figure 410a-3

Figure 410a-4

Figure 410b-1

Figure 410b-2

Figure 410b-3



Figure 411a

Figure 411b


Figure 412


Slide 80




Figure 413



Figure 414



Figure 415

Figure 415-1

Figure 415-2

Figure 415-3

Slide 94






Figure 416-0

Figure 416-1

Figure 416-2

Figure 416-3

Figure 416-4

Figure 416-5

Figure 416-6



Figure 417



Video Chlamydomonas

Figure 418a

Figure 418b




Figure 418c-0

Figure 418c-1

Figure 418c-2




Figure 419





Figure 420


Figure 421


Table 4-22-0

Table 4-22-1

Table 4-22-2





Table 4-1

Figure 4UN02

Figure 4UN03

Figure 4UN04-0

Figure 4UN04-1

Figure 4UN04-2


Figure 4UN04-0


Mark


Figure 4UN04-1


Mark


Figure 4UN04-2

Slide 1

Introduction

Introduction (2)

Figure 40-1

Figure 40-2

Slide 6





Figure 41a

Figure 41b

Figure 41c

Figure 41d

Figure 41e-0

Figure 41e-1

Figure 41e-2




Figure 42a



Figure 42b

Figure 4UN01






Figure 43-0

Figure 43-1

Figure 43-2







Figure 44a

Figure 44b

Slide 42




Figure 45



Figure 46

Slide 50






Figure 48a

Figure 48b





Figure 49




Figure 410a-1

Figure 410a-2

Figure 410a-3

Figure 410a-4

Figure 410b-1

Figure 410b-2

Figure 410b-3



Figure 411a

Figure 411b


Figure 412


Slide 80




Figure 413



Figure 414



Figure 415

Figure 415-1

Figure 415-2

Figure 415-3

Slide 94






Figure 416-0

Figure 416-1

Figure 416-2

Figure 416-3

Figure 416-4

Figure 416-5

Figure 416-6



Figure 417



Video Chlamydomonas

Figure 418a

Figure 418b




Figure 418c-0

Figure 418c-1

Figure 418c-2




Figure 419





Figure 420


Figure 421


Table 4-22-0

Table 4-22-1

Table 4-22-2





Table 4-1

Figure 4UN02

Figure 4UN03

Figure 4UN04-0

Figure 4UN04-1

Figure 4UN04-2


Figure 4UN04-1


Mark


Figure 4UN04-2

Slide 1

Introduction

Introduction (2)

Figure 40-1

Figure 40-2

Slide 6





Figure 41a

Figure 41b

Figure 41c

Figure 41d

Figure 41e-0

Figure 41e-1

Figure 41e-2




Figure 42a



Figure 42b

Figure 4UN01






Figure 43-0

Figure 43-1

Figure 43-2







Figure 44a

Figure 44b

Slide 42




Figure 45



Figure 46

Slide 50






Figure 48a

Figure 48b





Figure 49




Figure 410a-1

Figure 410a-2

Figure 410a-3

Figure 410a-4

Figure 410b-1

Figure 410b-2

Figure 410b-3



Figure 411a

Figure 411b


Figure 412


Slide 80




Figure 413



Figure 414



Figure 415

Figure 415-1

Figure 415-2

Figure 415-3

Slide 94






Figure 416-0

Figure 416-1

Figure 416-2

Figure 416-3

Figure 416-4

Figure 416-5

Figure 416-6



Figure 417



Video Chlamydomonas

Figure 418a

Figure 418b




Figure 418c-0

Figure 418c-1

Figure 418c-2




Figure 419





Figure 420


Figure 421


Table 4-22-0

Table 4-22-1

Table 4-22-2





Table 4-1

Figure 4UN02

Figure 4UN03

Figure 4UN04-0

Figure 4UN04-1

Figure 4UN04-2


Figure 4UN04-2

Slide 1

Introduction

Introduction (2)

Figure 40-1

Figure 40-2

Slide 6





Figure 41a

Figure 41b

Figure 41c

Figure 41d

Figure 41e-0

Figure 41e-1

Figure 41e-2




Figure 42a



Figure 42b

Figure 4UN01






Figure 43-0

Figure 43-1

Figure 43-2







Figure 44a

Figure 44b

Slide 42




Figure 45



Figure 46

Slide 50






Figure 48a

Figure 48b





Figure 49




Figure 410a-1

Figure 410a-2

Figure 410a-3

Figure 410a-4

Figure 410b-1

Figure 410b-2

Figure 410b-3



Figure 411a

Figure 411b


Figure 412


Slide 80




Figure 413



Figure 414



Figure 415

Figure 415-1

Figure 415-2

Figure 415-3

Slide 94






Figure 416-0

Figure 416-1

Figure 416-2

Figure 416-3

Figure 416-4

Figure 416-5

Figure 416-6



Figure 417



Video Chlamydomonas

Figure 418a

Figure 418b




Figure 418c-0

Figure 418c-1

Figure 418c-2




Figure 419





Figure 420


Figure 421


Table 4-22-0

Table 4-22-1

Table 4-22-2





Table 4-1

Figure 4UN02

Figure 4UN03

Figure 4UN04-0

Figure 4UN04-1

Figure 4UN04-2